Spain dazzles with fiery flamenco, sun-drenched beaches, and architectural marvels from Gaudí’s whimsical Sagrada Família to Moorish palaces. Savor tapas in bustling plazas, sip Rioja in vineyard-dotted hills, and lose yourself in vibrant fiestas. A land of passionate culture, diverse landscapes, and endless siestas, Spain invites you to embrace its irresistible blend of history, flavor, and laid-back charm.

Faits sur le pays

• Official Name: Kingdom of Spain
• Continent: Europe
• Fuseau(x) horaire(s): Heure d'Europe centrale (CET, UTC+1), Heure d'été d'Europe centrale (CEST, UTC+2)
• Capital City: Madrid
• Population: Approximately 47.4 million (2023 estimate)
• Official Language(s): Spanish (Castilian)
• Government Type: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Primary Economy Sectors: Tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, services
• Monnaie: Euro (EUR)
• Voltage and Plug Type(s): 230V, Type F plug (Schuko)
• International Calling Code: +34
• Main International Airport(s):
  • Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport (MAD, Madrid)
  • Barcelona-El Prat Airport (BCN, Barcelona)

Les régions en un coup d'œil

Andalusia

• Geographical Features: Varied landscapes including the Sierra Nevada mountains, fertile Guadalquivir Valley, and Costa del Sol coastline.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Seville (Alcázar, Cathedral), Granada (Alhambra), Córdoba (Mezquita), and Málaga (Picasso Museum).
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Rich Moorish heritage, flamenco music and dance, and iconic Semana Santa (Holy Week) celebrations.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Agriculture (olives, citrus), tourism, and a relaxed, sun-drenched lifestyle.

Catalonia

• Geographical Features: Mediterranean coastline (Costa Brava), Pyrenees mountains, and fertile plains.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Barcelona (Sagrada Família, Park Güell), Girona (medieval old town), and Tarragona (Roman ruins).
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Distinct Catalan identity, Modernist architecture, and vibrant festivals like La Mercè.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Industrial and tech hubs, wine production (Priorat, Cava), and a cosmopolitan, creative vibe.

Basque Country

• Geographical Features: Rugged Atlantic coastline, green hills, and the Cantabrian Mountains.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Bilbao (Guggenheim Museum), San Sebastián (La Concha Beach, pintxos bars), and Vitoria-Gasteiz (medieval quarter).
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Unique Basque language (Euskera), strong culinary traditions (Michelin-starred cuisine), and rural sports like stone-lifting.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Industrial powerhouse (shipbuilding, steel), fishing, and a blend of traditional and modern lifestyles.

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Questions d'argent

Monnaie

The official currency of Spain is the Euro (EUR). While some tourist areas may accept USD or GBP, it’s best to use Euros for all transactions to avoid unfavorable exchange rates. Always carry some cash for smaller establishments or rural areas where card payments might not be accepted.

Cash & ATMs

ATMs (called “cajeros automáticos”) are widely available in cities and towns, and most are reliable. However, be aware of potential fees:

• Your bank may charge international withdrawal fees.
• Some Spanish ATMs charge a fee for withdrawals, especially those not affiliated with major banks like Santander or BBVA.
• Typical withdrawal limits range from €300 to €600 per transaction.

Always choose to be charged in Euros to avoid dynamic currency conversion fees.

Cartes de crédit et de débit

Major cards like Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. American Express is less common but still usable in larger establishments. Note:

• Some smaller businesses may impose a minimum purchase amount (e.g., €10) for card payments.
• Contactless payments are common, but carry a backup card in case of issues.
• Inform your bank of your travel plans to avoid card blocks.

L'étiquette du pourboire

Tipping in Spain is appreciated but not obligatory. Here’s a general guide:

• Restaurants: Rounding up the bill or leaving 5-10% is customary for good service, as service charges are rarely included.
• Bars/Cafés: Small change (€0.50-€1) is sufficient.
• Tour Guides/Taxis: €1-€2 or rounding up is polite.
• Hotel Staff: €1-€2 for porters or housekeeping is appreciated.

Bargaining/Haggling

Bargaining is uncommon in Spain, except in flea markets (like El Rastro in Madrid) or with street vendors. In most shops and restaurants, prices are fixed.

General Cost of Travel

Spain offers a range of budgets, generally more affordable than Western Europe or the USA:

• Budget: Hostels (€15-€30/night), tapas (€1-€3), public transport (€1.50-€2.50 per ride).
• Mid-Range: Hotels (€60-€120/night), restaurant meals (€15-€30), intercity trains (€20-€50).
• Luxury: High-end hotels (€200+/night), fine dining (€50+), private tours.

Taxes

Spain has a standard VAT (IVA) rate of 21% (10% for hotels and restaurants). Tourists from outside the EU can claim VAT refunds on purchases over €90.16—ask for a Tax-Free form at participating stores and present it at customs upon departure.

Faire sa valise

Vêtements

Spain’s diverse climate means your wardrobe should adapt to the region and season. Coastal areas like Barcelona and Valencia call for lightweight, breathable fabrics in summer, while inland cities like Madrid require layers for chilly winters. Northern regions like Galicia demand rain gear year-round. For religious sites, modest attire (covered shoulders and knees) is respectful. Swimwear is essential for beach destinations, but save it for the coast—walking around cities in beachwear is frowned upon.

• Summer: Lightweight shirts, shorts, sundresses, and a wide-brimmed hat for sun protection.
• Spring/Autumn: Light jackets, sweaters, and scarves for cooler evenings.
• Winter: Warm coats, gloves, and thermal layers for inland areas; lighter jackets suffice on the coast.
• Year-round: A compact umbrella or waterproof jacket for northern Spain.

Chaussures

Comfortable walking shoes are a must for exploring Spain’s cobblestone streets and historic sites. Sandals work for beach destinations, while hiking boots are ideal for mountainous regions like the Pyrenees. A pair of stylish yet comfortable shoes is handy for evenings out—Spaniards dress well for dinner.

• Sturdy walking shoes or sneakers for city exploration.
• Flip-flops or sandals for beach trips.
• Hiking boots if venturing into national parks or mountains.
• Dressier shoes for evenings or upscale dining.

Toiletries & Medications

Pack travel-sized toiletries, including sunscreen (high SPF for summer), as Spanish sun can be intense. Insect repellent is useful for rural areas. Bring any prescription medications with copies of prescriptions, as some may require documentation. Pharmacies (farmacias) are widely available, but specific brands may differ.

• Sunscreen (SPF 30+).
• Insect repellent for rural or wetland areas.
• Basic first-aid kit (band-aids, pain relievers, motion sickness tablets).
• Prescription medications with documentation.

Électronique

Spain uses Type F power sockets (220V, 50Hz). Bring a universal adapter if your devices use different plugs. A power bank is handy for long days of sightseeing. A camera or smartphone with ample storage will help capture Spain’s stunning landscapes and architecture.

• Universal power adapter (Type F).
• Portable power bank.
• Camera or smartphone with extra memory cards.
• E-reader or tablet for travel guides and entertainment.

Documents et argent

Ensure you have all necessary travel documents, including a passport (valid for at least six months), visa (if required), and travel insurance details. Credit cards are widely accepted, but carry some cash (euros) for small vendors or rural areas.

• Passport and copies stored separately.
• Visa (if applicable).
• Travel insurance details.
• Credit/debit cards and some euros in small denominations.

Miscellaneous/Useful Items

A reusable water bottle saves money and reduces waste—Spain has safe tap water. A small backpack is ideal for day trips. A Spanish phrasebook or translation app can enhance your experience, though English is spoken in tourist areas. Don’t forget sun protection: sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen are non-negotiable.

• Reusable water bottle.
• Small backpack or crossbody bag for daily use.
• Spanish phrasebook or translation app.
• Sunglasses and a sun hat.

Practical Packing Tips

Pack light to navigate Spain’s trains and cobblestone streets with ease. Roll clothes to save space and minimize wrinkles. Check baggage restrictions for budget airlines like Ryanair. Leave room for souvenirs—Spain’s markets are full of treasures!

• Roll clothes instead of folding to maximize space.
• Use packing cubes for organization.
• Check airline baggage allowances before departure.
• Leave space for souvenirs like ceramics, leather goods, or wine.

Exigences en matière de soins de santé

Recommended & Required Vaccinations

Before traveling to Spain, ensure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio, and the annual flu shot. Additional recommended vaccinations include:

• Hepatitis A: Recommended for all travelers due to potential exposure through contaminated food or water.
• Hepatitis B: Advised for those who may have unprotected sex, get tattoos, or require medical procedures.
• Typhoid: Consider if visiting rural areas or staying with locals where food hygiene may be variable.

No vaccinations are required for entry unless arriving from a country with a risk of Yellow Fever.

Malaria & Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Malaria is not a risk in mainland Spain or the Balearic Islands. However, in rare cases, localized transmission has occurred in rural areas of Catalonia. Mosquito-borne diseases like Dengue or Zika are extremely uncommon but take general precautions:

• Utilisez un insectifuge homologué par l'EPA (par exemple, DEET, picaridine).
• Wear long sleeves and pants in mosquito-prone areas, especially at dawn and dusk.

Sécurité des aliments et de l'eau

Tap water is safe to drink in Spain, though taste may vary by region. To avoid foodborne illnesses:

• Opt for freshly cooked, hot meals.
• Wash fruits and vegetables or peel them yourself.
• Be cautious with raw seafood and unpasteurized dairy products.

Protection contre le soleil et la chaleur

Spain has a Mediterranean climate with intense sun, especially in summer. Protect yourself:

• Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+).
• Wear a hat and sunglasses.
• Stay hydrated and avoid midday sun exposure.

Mal d'altitude

Most of Spain is at low altitude, but mountainous regions like the Pyrenees or Sierra Nevada exceed 2,500m. If hiking or skiing, acclimatize gradually and watch for symptoms like headaches or dizziness.

Établissements médicaux locaux

Spain has excellent healthcare, with public and private hospitals meeting high standards. Pharmacies (farmacias) are widely available, marked by a green cross. EU citizens should carry an EHIC/GHIC card for public healthcare access.

Assurance voyage

Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly recommended, covering medical emergencies, repatriation, and activity-specific risks (e.g., hiking, water sports).

Risques sanitaires locaux spécifiques

Seasonal risks include heatwaves in summer, which can cause dehydration or heatstroke. In rural areas, tick-borne diseases like Lyme are rare but possible—check for ticks after outdoor activities.

Disclaimer: This information is general advice. Consult your doctor or a travel clinic for personalized recommendations before your trip.

Exigences en matière de visa

Politique générale en matière de visas

Spain, as a member of the Schengen Area, allows many nationalities to enter visa-free for short-term tourism or business visits. Most visitors from the USA, Canada, UK, Australia, and other Schengen countries can stay for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. However, requirements vary by nationality, so it’s essential to verify before traveling.

Nationalités spécifiques

• USA: No visa required for stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Ensure your passport is valid for at least three months beyond your intended departure date.
• Canada: Visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passport must be valid for at least three months beyond your planned exit date.
• UK: British citizens can enter Spain visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passport must be valid for the duration of your stay.
• Schengen Area Countries: No visa required for citizens of Schengen countries. Freedom of movement applies, but carry a valid national ID or passport.
• Australia: Visa-free for stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passport must be valid for at least three months beyond your departure date.

Validité du passeport

For most nationalities, your passport must be valid for at least three months beyond your intended departure date from the Schengen Area. However, some countries (like the USA) may require six months of validity, so always check in advance.

Autres conditions d'admission

While not always enforced, border officials may ask for proof of onward travel (e.g., a return ticket), sufficient funds for your stay, or travel insurance covering medical expenses. It’s advisable to carry these documents to avoid complications.

Sources officielles

Always verify current visa requirements with the official embassy or consulate of Spain in your country of residence, or an official government immigration website, well in advance of travel, as policies can change. [Link to Official Government Visa Portal or Embassy Website]

Sécurité

• General Safety Level: Spain is generally a safe destination for travelers, with low violent crime rates. However, petty crime like pickpocketing is common in tourist-heavy areas, so vigilance is advised.

• Petty Crime:
  • Pickpocketing: Be cautious in crowded places like metro stations, markets (e.g., La Boqueria in Barcelona), and major attractions (e.g., Sagrada Família). Keep bags zipped and in front of you.
  • Scams: Watch for distraction techniques (e.g., “bird poop” scam, fake petitions). Avoid unsolicited help with ATMs or taxis.
  • Valuables: Use hotel safes for passports and extra cash. Carry only what you need for the day.

• Transportation Safety:
  • Taxis: Use licensed taxis (marked with a green light) or apps like Free Now. Avoid unmarked cars.
  • Public Transport: Metro and buses are safe but keep belongings secure. Validate train tickets to avoid fines.
  • Driving: Stick to speed limits; rural roads may be poorly lit. Watch for motorbikes in cities.

• Solo Travel Considerations:
  • Female Travelers: Spain is relatively safe, but avoid poorly lit streets at night. Stay aware in bars/clubs; never leave drinks unattended.
  • Socializing: Trust your instincts with new acquaintances. Share plans with someone trustworthy.

• Areas to Be Cautious: Exercise extra caution in Barcelona’s El Raval, Madrid’s La Latina (at night), and crowded beaches like Barceloneta. Research neighborhoods before visiting.

• Night Safety: Stick to well-lit, busy areas. Avoid excessive alcohol, and pre-book taxis for late-night returns.

• Natural Hazards:
  • Heatwaves: Summer temperatures can exceed 40°C (104°F). Stay hydrated and avoid midday sun.
  • Wildfires: Common in dry regions (e.g., Andalusia). Follow local advisories.

• Local Laws & Customs to Respect:
  • Dress Codes: Cover shoulders/knees in churches (e.g., Seville Cathedral).
  • Alcohol: Public drinking is banned in some cities (e.g., Madrid’s centro). Fines apply.
  • Photography: Avoid taking photos of police or military sites.

• Emergency Preparedness:
  • Documents: Carry photocopies of your passport and travel insurance. Store digital copies securely.
  • Contacts: Save emergency numbers (112 for all emergencies, 091 for police).
  • Insurance: Ensure coverage includes theft and medical emergencies.

• Disclaimer: Safety conditions can change; check your government’s travel advisories for Spain before departure.

Se déplacer

Transports publics

Spain boasts an extensive and efficient public transportation network, making it easy to explore cities and regions. Major cities like Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Bilbao have modern metro systems, while trams and buses complement urban travel. For intercity travel, Renfe operates high-speed AVE trains, regional trains, and commuter services. Buses, run by companies like ALSA, are a budget-friendly alternative for smaller towns.

• Costs: Metro/bus tickets range from €1.50–€2.50 per ride; multi-day passes offer savings. AVE trains can be pricey but book early for discounts.
• Tips: Use apps like Moovit or Citymapper for real-time transit info. Validate tickets before boarding buses/trains to avoid fines.
• Unique: The high-speed AVE connects Madrid to Barcelona (2.5 hours), Seville, and Malaga comfortably.

Taxis et VTC

Taxis are widely available in cities and tourist areas, with clear metered fares. Ride-sharing apps like Uber and Cabify operate in major cities, though traditional taxis are more common. Always ensure the meter is running or agree on a fare upfront for longer trips.

• Costs: Base fare starts around €2.50–€3.50, plus €1–€2 per km. Airport surcharges may apply.
• Tips: Official taxis have license numbers and light-up signs. Use apps like Free Now for hailing.
• Safety: Taxis are generally safe; avoid unlicensed cabs.

Location de voitures

Renting a car is ideal for exploring rural areas or coastal routes like Costa Brava. International and local agencies (e.g., Europcar, Sixt) operate at airports and cities. Spain’s highways are well-maintained, but tolls apply on autopistas.

• Requirements: Valid driver’s license, passport, and credit card. Minimum age is usually 21 (under 25 may incur fees).
• Costs: From €20–€50/day; fuel and tolls add up. Manual cars are cheaper than automatics.
• Tips: Book in advance for better rates. Avoid driving in city centers due to restricted traffic zones (ZBE).

Vols intérieurs

Domestic flights save time for long-distance travel, especially to the Canary or Balearic Islands. Airlines like Iberia, Vueling, and Ryanair offer frequent routes (e.g., Madrid–Barcelona, Barcelona–Palma de Mallorca).

• Costs: Fares start at €30–€80 one-way if booked early.
• Tips: Compare prices on Skyscanner. Budget airlines charge extra for baggage.
• Unique: Flights to islands often include stunning aerial views.

Ferries et bateaux

Ferries connect mainland Spain to the Balearic Islands (e.g., Barcelona–Ibiza) and along the northern coast. Companies like Balearia and Trasmediterránea operate routes, with options for foot passengers and vehicles.

• Costs: From €40–€100 one-way; overnight cabins cost extra.
• Tips: Book ahead in summer. Faster catamarans are pricier but save time.

Other Local Transport

Bike rentals are popular in cities like Seville and Valencia, with dedicated lanes. Long-distance buses (e.g., ALSA, Avanza) serve remote areas. In tourist hubs, electric scooters and tuk-tuks offer fun, short-distance options.

• Costs: Bike rentals from €10–€15/day; scooters cost €0.20–€0.30 per minute.
• Tips: Wear helmets for scooters. Check bus schedules in advance for rural routes.

Culture

• Traditions & Customs: Spain’s culture thrives on social interaction, with the sobremesa—lingering at the table after meals to chat—being a cherished ritual. Bullfighting, though controversial, remains a symbolic tradition in some regions, while flamenco’s passionate performances reflect Andalusian soul.
• Arts & Literature: Spain birthed artistic giants like Picasso (Cubism) and Dalí (Surrealism), whose works are celebrated in museums like Madrid’s Reina Sofía. Cervantes’ Don Quixote is a literary cornerstone, and Moorish-influenced architecture, like Granada’s Alhambra, showcases Spain’s layered history.
• Music & Dance: Flamenco, with its raw emotion and intricate guitar (toque), is Spain’s most iconic art form, while regional dances like Catalonia’s sardana or Galicia’s muiñeira highlight local pride. Modern festivals like Primavera Sound in Barcelona blend tradition with global trends.
• Food & Cuisine: Tapas culture turns dining into a social event, with dishes like jamón ibérico and patatas bravas shared over drinks. Paella, originally from Valencia, is a saffron-infused staple, while Basque pintxos showcase inventive small bites.
• Languages & Dialects: Spanish (Castilian) is the official language, but regional languages like Catalan, Basque, and Galician hold co-official status. Dialects vary widely, from the lisped ceceo of Andalusia to the clipped Catalan of Barcelona.
• Religion & Spirituality: Catholicism deeply influences Spain, seen in grand cathedrals and fervent Semana Santa (Holy Week) processions. Yet, secularism is rising, blending ancient pilgrimages like El Camino de Santiago with modern spirituality.
• Festivals & Holidays: La Tomatina (Buñol’s tomato-throwing frenzy) and Pamplona’s Running of the Bulls draw global crowds. Fallas in Valencia features towering papier-mâché sculptures burned in a fiery climax, while Three Kings’ Day (January 6) rivals Christmas for gift-giving.
• Social Norms & Etiquette: Spaniards greet with two kisses (cheek to cheek) among friends. Dinner starts late (9–11 PM), and tipping is modest (5–10%). Bringing a small gift (wine, sweets) when invited to a home is appreciated.
• Family & Community Structure: Family is central, with multi-generational gatherings common. Village fiestas strengthen community ties, and plazas serve as social hubs where elders gossip and children play until late.
• Clothing & Attire: Traditional dress like Andalusia’s traje de flamenca (ruffled dresses) appears at festivals, while modern Spaniards favor stylish yet relaxed fashion. Churches may require modest attire, but beachwear is reserved for the coast.