Country Facts

• Official Name: Republic of Guatemala
• Location: Central America, bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
• Time zone: Central Standard Time
• Capital: Guatemala City
• Population: Approximately 18 million
• Official Language: Spanish
• Government: Unitary presidential republic
• Economy: Agriculture, remittances, manufacturing, and services sector form the backbone.

Regions at a Glance

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Trip Planning

When to go?

• Climate Type: Guatemala has a tropical climate, with variations depending on altitude. Coastal areas are hot and humid, while highland regions are cooler and more temperate.
• Average Temperatures: In the lowlands, average temperatures range from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F) year-round. In the highlands, temperatures average between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F), with cooler nights.
• Rainfall & Precipitation: Guatemala experiences a wet season (May to October) and a dry season (November to April). Annual rainfall varies by region, with coastal areas receiving up to 2,000 mm (79 inches) and highlands around 1,000 mm (39 inches).
• Seasonal Variations: The wet season brings heavy rains and lush vegetation, while the dry season is characterized by sunny days and cooler nights, especially in the highlands.
• Natural Disasters: Guatemala is prone to hurricanes, tropical storms, and volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes are also a risk due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire.
• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Guatemala is during the dry season (November to April), when the weather is pleasant and outdoor activities are more accessible.

Practical Info

Healthcare Requirements

Before traveling to Guatemala, it is essential to take certain health precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip. The country's tropical climate, varying altitudes, and rural areas require specific considerations.

Vaccinations and Medications

Ensure your routine vaccinations are up to date. The CDC recommends vaccinations for Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and Rabies, especially if you plan to visit rural areas or engage in outdoor activities. Malaria prophylaxis may be necessary if traveling to lowland regions, such as Petén or the Pacific Coast. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Water and Food Safety

Drink only bottled or purified water, and avoid ice in drinks. Be cautious with street food; opt for freshly cooked meals and avoid raw or undercooked foods. Fruits and vegetables should be washed with purified water or peeled before consumption.

Altitude Considerations

Guatemala City and Antigua are at high altitudes, which can cause altitude sickness. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Acclimatize gradually, stay hydrated, and avoid strenuous activities upon arrival.

Insect Protection

Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya are present in Guatemala. Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, and sleep under mosquito nets, especially in lowland and coastal areas.

Seasonal Health Risks

The rainy season (May to October) increases the risk of waterborne diseases and insect-borne illnesses. Be extra cautious with water and food hygiene during this period. The dry season (November to April) is generally safer but still requires standard precautions.

Emergency Services

Medical facilities in urban areas like Guatemala City are adequate, but rural areas may have limited resources. Travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is highly recommended. Carry a basic first-aid kit and any necessary prescription medications.

By taking these precautions, you can minimize health risks and fully enjoy your visit to Guatemala.

On the Road

Getting Around

Getting around Guatemala is relatively straightforward, with a mix of transportation options catering to different budgets and preferences. Public buses, known as "chicken buses," are the most common and affordable way to travel between cities, though they can be crowded and slow. For more comfort, private shuttles are available and are popular among tourists. In cities like Guatemala City and Antigua, taxis and ride-hailing apps like Uber are convenient for short distances. Renting a car is an option for those comfortable with driving, but be prepared for challenging road conditions, including potholes and limited signage. Domestic flights are available for reaching remote areas like Flores, near Tikal, but are less common for general travel.

Key Tips:

• Use reputable shuttle services for long-distance travel, especially to tourist hotspots like Lake Atitlán or Antigua.
• Negotiate taxi fares in advance or use ride-hailing apps to avoid overcharging.
• If driving, exercise caution on rural roads and avoid night travel due to poor lighting and safety concerns.
• For shorter distances, tuk-tuks are a fun and affordable option in smaller towns.

Culture

• Traditions & Customs: Guatemala is deeply rooted in Mayan traditions, with many indigenous communities preserving ancient customs. One of the most iconic traditions is the use of colorful, handwoven textiles, which often carry symbolic meanings tied to the wearer’s community and identity. Another key custom is the practice of "cofradías," religious brotherhoods that organize local festivals and maintain spiritual traditions. The Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) is celebrated with vibrant altars, marigold flowers, and offerings to honor ancestors.
• Arts & Literature: Guatemalan art is heavily influenced by its Mayan heritage, seen in intricate murals, pottery, and carvings. The country has produced notable literary figures like Miguel Ángel Asturias, a Nobel Prize-winning author whose works, such as "El Señor Presidente," explore themes of dictatorship and indigenous identity. Contemporary artists often blend traditional Mayan motifs with modern styles, creating a unique fusion of old and new.
• Music & Dance: Traditional Guatemalan music features marimba, a wooden percussion instrument that is considered the national symbol. Folk dances like "La Danza de los Venados" (Dance of the Deer) and "El Baile de los Moros y Cristianos" (Dance of the Moors and Christians) are performed during festivals, often telling stories of historical or spiritual significance. Modern music genres like salsa, cumbia, and reggaeton are also popular, especially in urban areas.
• Food & Cuisine: Guatemalan cuisine is a blend of Mayan, Spanish, and Caribbean influences. Staples include tamales, which are often wrapped in banana leaves, and "pepián," a rich stew made with meat, vegetables, and spices. Black beans, corn tortillas, and plantains are dietary staples. Street food like "tostadas" and "rellenitos" (fried plantains stuffed with beans) are widely enjoyed. Coffee, grown in the highlands, is a cultural and economic cornerstone.
• Languages & Dialects: Spanish is the official language, but over 20 Mayan languages are spoken, including K'iche', Kaqchikel, and Mam. Many indigenous communities are bilingual, with Spanish used in formal settings and Mayan languages in daily life. The linguistic diversity reflects the country’s rich cultural heritage and regional identities.
• Religion & Spirituality: Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion, deeply intertwined with indigenous beliefs. Many Guatemalans practice a syncretic form of Catholicism that incorporates Mayan rituals, such as offerings to nature spirits. Evangelical Christianity has also grown significantly in recent decades. Traditional Mayan spirituality, centered around the connection to the earth and ancestors, remains influential in rural areas.
• Festivals & Holidays: Semana Santa (Holy Week) is one of the most important religious events, celebrated with elaborate processions and colorful sawdust carpets in Antigua. Independence Day on September 15th is marked with parades, fireworks, and traditional music. The Kite Festival in Sumpango, held on November 1st, features giant, intricately designed kites flown to honor the dead.
• Social Norms & Etiquette: Guatemalans value politeness and respect, often greeting others with a handshake or a slight bow. Family is central to social life, and elders are highly respected. In rural areas, it’s customary to ask for permission before taking photos of people or their homes. Punctuality is flexible, with a more relaxed approach to time known as "la hora chapina" (Guatemalan time). Sharing meals is a key social activity, and refusing food or drink can be seen as impolite.