Panama is a vibrant crossroads of cultures, nature, and adventure, where the iconic Panama Canal connects oceans and continents. From the cosmopolitan buzz of Panama City to the pristine beaches of Bocas del Toro and the lush rainforests of Darién, this Central American gem offers a thrilling mix of urban energy, biodiversity, and indigenous heritage—all packed into a compact, traveler-friendly paradise.

Country Facts

• Official Name: Republic of Panama
• Continent: North America
• Time zone(s): Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)
• Capital City: Panama City
• Population: Approximately 4.4 million (2023 estimate)
• Official Language(s): Spanish
• Government Type: Presidential republic
• Primary Economy Sectors: Services (including the Panama Canal, banking, and tourism), manufacturing, and agriculture
• Currency: Panamanian Balboa (PAB) and US Dollar (USD)
• Voltage and Plug Type(s): 120V, Type A and B plugs
• International Calling Code: +507
• Main International Airport(s): Tocumen International Airport (PTY, Panama City)

Regions at a Glance

Central Panama & Panama City

• Geographical Features: Urbanized lowlands, the Panama Canal, and tropical rainforests.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Panama City (Casco Viejo, Biomuseo), Miraflores Locks, Soberanía National Park.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Colonial architecture in Casco Viejo, the engineering marvel of the Panama Canal, vibrant nightlife and cosmopolitan culture.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Financial hub of Central America, bustling trade and tourism, mix of modern urban living and historic charm.

Bocas del Toro Archipelago

• Geographical Features: Caribbean islands with white-sand beaches, coral reefs, and dense mangrove forests.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Bocas Town (Isla Colón), Starfish Beach, Bastimentos Island National Marine Park.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Afro-Caribbean culture, indigenous Ngäbe communities, laid-back island vibe.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Tourism-driven economy, eco-lodges and surfing hotspots, seafood-centric cuisine.

Chiriquí Highlands

• Geographical Features: Volcanic mountains, cloud forests, and fertile valleys, including Barú Volcano.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Boquete (coffee plantations), Volcán Barú National Park, Los Quetzales Trail.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Coffee culture, expat communities, indigenous Ngäbe-Buglé traditions.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Agriculture (especially coffee), eco-tourism, cooler climate and outdoor adventure focus.

No related destinations found for this zone.

Money Matters

Currency

The official currency of Panama is the Panamanian Balboa (PAB), which is pegged 1:1 to the US Dollar (USD). US Dollars are widely accepted everywhere, and most transactions are conducted in USD. Euros or other currencies are rarely accepted outside major tourist areas or high-end hotels.

Cash & ATMs

While credit cards are commonly used, carrying some cash (USD) is advisable, especially in rural areas or smaller establishments. ATMs are widely available in cities and tourist hubs, but less so in remote regions. Most ATMs dispense USD and may have withdrawal limits (typically $300–$500 per transaction). Be aware of potential fees: local banks may charge $2–$5 per withdrawal, and your home bank may add international transaction fees.

Credit & Debit Cards

Major credit and debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, and to a lesser extent, Amex) are accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops. Smaller vendors or markets may only accept cash. Some establishments add a 3–5% surcharge for card payments, so always ask beforehand.

Tipping Etiquette

Tipping is customary but not always mandatory. Here’s a quick guide:

• Restaurants: 10% is standard; check if a service charge is already included.
• Tour Guides: $5–$10 per person for a full-day tour.
• Hotel Staff: $1–$2 for bellhops or housekeeping.
• Taxis: Round up the fare or tip 10% for good service.

Bargaining/Haggling

Bargaining is common in local markets (e.g., handicrafts or street vendors) but not in supermarkets or formal establishments. Start with a polite offer at 20–30% below the asking price and negotiate from there.

General Cost of Travel

Panama is moderately priced compared to neighboring Costa Rica but cheaper than the USA or Western Europe. Budget travelers can find hostels ($10–$20/night) and street food ($3–$5/meal), while mid-range hotels ($50–$100/night) and restaurant meals ($10–$20) are widely available. Luxury options (e.g., beach resorts) can be expensive.

Taxes

Panama has a 7% VAT (ITBMS) on goods and services, often included in prices. Tourists cannot claim VAT refunds, but some hotels or tours may quote prices excluding tax, so confirm beforehand. There are no significant tourist-specific taxes.

Packing List

Clothing

Panama’s tropical climate calls for lightweight, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen to stay cool in high humidity. Pack moisture-wicking clothing for outdoor activities. During the wet season (May–December), include a compact rain jacket or poncho and quick-dry clothing. For the cooler highlands (e.g., Boquete), bring a light jacket or sweater. Swimwear is essential for beach destinations, while modest attire (covered shoulders and knees) is recommended for visiting churches or formal settings.

• Lightweight tops and shorts for daytime
• Long-sleeved shirts and pants for sun/insect protection
• Rain gear (jacket, umbrella) for wet season
• Light sweater or jacket for highland areas
• Swimwear and cover-up for beaches
• Modest clothing for religious sites

Footwear

Comfortable, versatile footwear is key for exploring Panama’s diverse terrain. Opt for breathable shoes that can handle city walks, jungle trails, and beach outings.

• Sturdy sandals or flip-flops for beaches and casual wear
• Comfortable walking shoes for urban exploration
• Hiking boots or trail shoes for rainforest treks
• Waterproof shoes or quick-dry sandals for wet season

Toiletries & Medications

Panama’s humidity and insect activity require specific toiletries. Pharmacies are widely available, but it’s best to bring essentials.

• High-SPF sunscreen (reef-safe if snorkeling/diving)
• DEET-based insect repellent for mosquitoes
• After-bite cream or antihistamines for bug bites
• Basic first-aid kit (bandages, antiseptic, pain relievers)
• Prescription medications (with copies of prescriptions)
• Hand sanitizer and wet wipes
• Travel-sized toiletries (shampoo, conditioner, etc.)

Electronics

Panama uses Type A and B plugs (120V, 60Hz), compatible with most North American devices. Bring adapters if coming from regions with different standards.

• Universal adapter (if needed)
• Portable power bank for day trips
• Waterproof phone case or dry bag
• Camera with extra memory cards
• E-reader or travel guide apps

Documents & Money

Ensure all travel documents are organized and accessible. The US dollar is Panama’s official currency, making transactions easy for American travelers.

• Passport (valid for at least 6 months)
• Printed copies of travel insurance, flight itineraries, and hotel reservations
• Credit/debit cards (notify your bank of travel plans)
• Small amount of USD cash for tips and rural areas
• Driver’s license (if renting a car)

Miscellaneous/Useful Items

These extras will enhance your comfort and convenience while exploring Panama.

• Reusable water bottle with filter (tap water is generally safe in cities)
• Small backpack or daypack for excursions
• Spanish phrasebook or translation app
• Wide-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses
• Quick-dry towel for beaches or hostels
• Ziplock bags for organizing or waterproofing items

Practical Packing Tips

Maximize space and minimize stress with these packing hacks tailored for Panama’s climate.

• Roll clothes to save space and reduce wrinkles
• Use packing cubes to organize by category
• Pack a foldable tote for souvenirs
• Check airline baggage restrictions before departure
• Leave room for local purchases (e.g., molas, handicrafts)

Healthcare Requirements

Recommended & Required Vaccinations

Before traveling to Panama, ensure your routine vaccinations (e.g., MMR, Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis, Varicella) are up-to-date. The following vaccines are recommended:

• Hepatitis A & B: Recommended for most travelers due to potential exposure through contaminated food, water, or bodily fluids.
• Typhoid: Advised for those visiting rural areas or consuming local food and water.
• Yellow Fever: Required if arriving from a country with risk of Yellow Fever transmission. Some rural areas in Panama (e.g., Darién Province) also pose a risk.
• Rabies: Consider for travelers engaging in outdoor activities or prolonged stays in remote regions.

Consult a healthcare provider or travel clinic at least 4-6 weeks before departure for personalized advice.

Malaria & Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Malaria is present in certain rural regions of Panama, including Darién and parts of Bocas del Toro. Travelers to these areas should take antimalarial medication as prescribed. Additionally, mosquito-borne diseases like Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya are prevalent. Prevention tips include:

• Use EPA-registered insect repellent (containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus).
• Wear long-sleeved clothing and treated mosquito nets in high-risk areas.
• Stay in accommodations with screened windows and air conditioning.

Food & Water Safety

To avoid foodborne illnesses:

• Drink bottled or boiled/filtered water; avoid ice in drinks unless made from purified water.
• Eat thoroughly cooked food and avoid raw or undercooked seafood, meat, and unpasteurized dairy.
• Peel fruits and vegetables or wash them with safe water.
• Choose busy restaurants with high turnover to ensure freshness.

Sun & Heat Protection

Panama’s tropical climate means strong sun and high humidity. Protect yourself by:

• Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) and reapplying every 2 hours.
• Wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and lightweight, breathable clothing.
• Staying hydrated and avoiding excessive sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM–4 PM).

Altitude Sickness

Most of Panama is at low elevation, but travelers visiting highland areas like Boquete or Volcán Barú (over 2,000 meters) should be aware of mild altitude sickness symptoms (headache, dizziness). Acclimatize gradually and stay hydrated.

Local Medical Facilities

Major cities like Panama City have well-equipped private hospitals with English-speaking staff, while rural areas may have limited facilities. Pharmacies are widely available in urban centers but carry essential medications with you if traveling remotely.

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is strongly recommended. Ensure it covers pre-existing conditions and adventure activities if applicable.

Specific Local Health Risks

Other considerations include:

• Leptospirosis: Risk increases during rainy seasons (May–December) due to contaminated water. Avoid swimming in freshwater lakes or rivers.
• Seasonal Flooding: Heavy rains may disrupt travel and increase mosquito breeding—monitor weather alerts.

Disclaimer: This information is general guidance. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice before traveling.

Visa Requirements

General Visa Policy

Panama offers visa-free entry to many nationalities for tourism purposes, typically allowing stays of up to 90 or 180 days. Some visitors may require a visa in advance, depending on their nationality.

Specific Nationalities

• USA: No visa required for tourism. Maximum stay of 180 days.
• Canada: No visa required for tourism. Maximum stay of 180 days.
• UK: No visa required for tourism. Maximum stay of 180 days.
• Schengen Area countries: No visa required for tourism. Maximum stay of 90 days.
• Australia: No visa required for tourism. Maximum stay of 180 days.

Passport Validity

Travelers must have a passport valid for at least six months beyond their intended stay in Panama.

Other Entry Requirements

Panamanian immigration may request proof of onward travel (such as a return ticket) and proof of sufficient funds for the duration of your stay. Travel insurance is not mandatory but highly recommended.

Official Sources

Always verify current visa requirements with the official embassy or consulate of Panama in your country of residence, or an official government immigration website, well in advance of travel, as policies can change. [Link to Official Government Visa Portal or Embassy Website]

Safety

• General Safety Level: Panama is generally safe for tourists, with a lower violent crime rate than some neighboring countries. However, petty crime like pickpocketing and scams can occur, especially in tourist-heavy areas. Stay alert and practice common-sense precautions.

• Petty Crime:
  • Pickpocketing: Be cautious in crowded areas like markets, bus stations, and popular attractions (e.g., Casco Viejo, Albrook Mall). Keep valuables out of sight and use anti-theft bags.
  • Scams: Avoid unsolicited help with ATMs or taxis. Only use official taxis (with license numbers) or ride-hailing apps like Uber.
  • Valuables: Leave passports in hotel safes and carry copies. Avoid flashing expensive jewelry or electronics.

• Transportation Safety:
  • Taxis: Use official taxis (yellow with black stripes) or pre-booked rides. Negotiate fares before entering or insist on using the meter.
  • Public Transport: Metro buses are generally safe, but watch for pickpockets during rush hours. Avoid overcrowded “diablo rojo” (old school buses).
  • Driving: Exercise caution on rural roads, which may be poorly maintained. Avoid driving at night due to limited lighting and occasional livestock on roads.

• Solo Travel Considerations:
  • Female Solo Travelers: Panama is relatively safe, but avoid walking alone at night in isolated areas. Dress modestly to blend in and reduce unwanted attention.
  • Socializing: Be cautious when accepting drinks from strangers and always monitor your belongings in bars or hostels.

• Areas to Be Cautious: Exercise extra vigilance in certain neighborhoods of Panama City (e.g., El Chorrillo, Curundú, and parts of San Miguelito). Colon city has higher crime rates—visit only with a guided tour if necessary.

• Night Safety: Stick to well-lit, busy areas and avoid walking alone. Use trusted transportation to return to accommodations. Nightlife areas like Calle Uruguay are generally safe but stay aware of your surroundings.

• Natural Hazards: Panama is prone to heavy rains (May–November), which can cause flooding and landslides. Hurricane risk is low but possible on the Caribbean coast. Monitor weather alerts and avoid river crossings during storms.

• Local Laws & Customs to Respect:
  • Drug Laws: Penalties for drug possession are severe, even for small amounts.
  • Cultural Sensitivity: Dress modestly outside tourist areas, especially in indigenous communities. Always ask permission before photographing people.

• Emergency Preparedness:
  • Documents: Keep digital and physical copies of your passport, visa, and travel insurance.
  • Contacts: Save local emergency numbers (911) and your embassy’s contact details.
  • Insurance: Ensure your policy covers theft, medical emergencies, and natural disasters.

• Disclaimer: Safety conditions can change; check your government’s travel advisories for Panama before departure.

Getting Around

Public Transportation

Panama’s public transportation is affordable but can be crowded. The Metro de Panamá is the only subway system in Central America, with two lines serving Panama City. Buses, known as “Metrobuses,” are the primary mode of intercity and urban travel, with routes covering major areas. For longer distances, “Diablo Rojo” buses (colorful former school buses) are being phased out but still operate in some regions. Purchase a Metrocard for seamless transfers between metro and Metrobuses.

• Cost: Metro rides start at $0.35; Metrobuses are similarly priced.
• Tip: Avoid rush hours (7–9 AM and 5–7 PM) for a more comfortable ride.
• Safety: Keep valuables secure, especially in crowded buses.

Taxis & Ride-Sharing

Taxis are plentiful in Panama City but rarely use meters—negotiate fares upfront or use ride-sharing apps like Uber or InDriver for transparency. Official taxis are yellow; avoid unmarked vehicles. Uber operates in major cities and is often cheaper and safer than street taxis.

• Cost: Short rides in the city cost $3–$10; Uber fares are typically lower.
• Tip: Confirm your destination and price before entering a taxi.
• Safety: Share your ride details with someone if traveling alone at night.

Car Rentals

Renting a car is ideal for exploring rural areas like Boquete or the Azuero Peninsula. Major rental companies operate at Tocumen International Airport and in cities. Roads are generally well-maintained, but rural routes may be rough. Panama recognizes most international driver’s licenses.

• Cost: Expect $30–$80/day, plus insurance.
• Tip: Book in advance during peak seasons (December–April).
• Safety: Avoid driving at night in remote areas due to poor lighting.

Domestic Flights

Domestic flights connect Panama City to destinations like David, Bocas del Toro, and the San Blas Islands. Airlines like Air Panama and Copa Airlines operate these routes. Flights are quick but can be pricey; book early for better rates.

• Cost: $50–$150 one-way, depending on the route.
• Tip: Check baggage allowances, as small planes have strict limits.
• Safety: Flights are reliable, but weather delays can occur in rainy season.

Ferries & Boats

Ferries and water taxis are essential for reaching islands like Bocas del Toro, Taboga, and the Pearl Islands. Services vary from speedboats to slower passenger ferries. Book tickets in advance during weekends and holidays.

• Cost: $20–$50 one-way for tourist routes.
• Tip: Bring motion sickness medication for choppy waters.
• Safety: Wear life jackets, especially on smaller boats.

Other Notable Transport

In smaller towns, “colectivos” (shared vans) are a budget-friendly option for short trips. Bike rentals are available in tourist areas like Casco Viejo and Boquete, but helmets and road safety gear are rarely provided.

• Cost: Colectivos cost $1–$5; bike rentals $10–$20/day.
• Tip: Agree on colectivo fares before boarding.
• Safety: Use bikes only in low-traffic areas or dedicated paths.

Culture

• Traditions & Customs: Panamanians value warmth and hospitality, often greeting with a kiss on the cheek among friends. Sundays are reserved for family gatherings, often featuring hearty meals and lively conversations. A unique tradition is the “pollera,” an intricately embroidered dress worn during festivals, symbolizing national pride.
• Arts & Literature: Panama’s art scene blends indigenous, Afro-Caribbean, and Spanish influences, seen in vibrant murals across Panama City. Notable writer Rogelio Sinán pioneered modernist literature, while the “molas”—colorful, layered textiles crafted by the Guna people—are iconic folk art.
• Music & Dance: The upbeat rhythms of salsa, reggaeton, and “típico” (folk music with accordion) dominate. The “tamborito,” a traditional dance accompanied by drums and clapping, is a cultural staple, often performed at festivals.
• Food & Cuisine: Panama’s cuisine is a fusion of Afro-Caribbean, Spanish, and indigenous flavors. Must-try dishes include sancocho (chicken stew with yam) and hojaldres (fried dough). Street food like carimañolas (stuffed yuca fritters) is popular.
• Languages & Dialects: Spanish is the official language, but English is widely spoken in urban and tourist areas. Indigenous groups like the Guna and Ngäbe-Buglé speak their own languages, and many Afro-Caribbean communities use Creole English.
• Religion & Spirituality: Catholicism is predominant, influencing festivals and daily life, but evangelical Christianity is growing. Indigenous spiritual practices, like the Guna’s reverence for nature, coexist with mainstream religions.
• Festivals & Holidays: Carnival, celebrated before Lent, is a raucous affair with parades, music, and water fights. Independence Day (November 3) features patriotic displays, while the Guna’s “Dule Revolution” commemorates their autonomy.
• Social Norms & Etiquette: Politeness is key—greet with a handshake or cheek kiss among acquaintances. Tipping 10% is customary in restaurants. Avoid discussing politics or the Panama Canal’s history unless invited.
• Family & Community Structure: Extended families often live nearby, and elders are highly respected. Community ties are strong, especially in rural areas, where neighbors collaborate on projects like harvests or festivals.
• Clothing & Attire: The pollera, Panama’s national dress, is reserved for special occasions. Casual wear is common, but beach attire is frowned upon in cities. Indigenous groups like the Guna wear bright, handcrafted garments daily.