Country Facts

• Official Name: Republic of Panama
• Continent: North America
• Time zone: Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)
• Capital: Panama City
• Population: Approximately 4.4 million (2023 estimate)
• Official Language: Spanish
• Government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• Economy: Service-based, with key sectors including the Panama Canal, banking, and tourism
• Currency: Panamanian Balboa (PAB) and United States Dollar (USD)
• Voltage and Plugs: 120V, 60Hz; Plug types A and B

Regions at a Glance

Central Panama

• Geographical Features: Rolling hills, fertile valleys, and the Panama Canal.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Panama City (capital), Casco Viejo, Miraflores Locks, and Metropolitan Natural Park.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Rich colonial history, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and vibrant Afro-Caribbean culture.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Hub of finance, commerce, and tourism; cosmopolitan lifestyle with a mix of modern and traditional influences.

Western Panama

• Geographical Features: Volcanic highlands, cloud forests, and fertile agricultural lands.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Boquete, Volcán Barú, Chiriquí Highlands, and Gulf of Chiriquí.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Indigenous Ngäbe-Buglé communities, coffee plantations, and colonial-era towns.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Coffee production, eco-tourism, and a laid-back, rural lifestyle.

Eastern Panama

• Geographical Features: Dense rainforests, pristine beaches, and the Darién Gap.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Portobelo, San Blas Islands, and Darién National Park.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Afro-Colonial heritage, indigenous Emberá and Wounaan communities, and Spanish colonial forts.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Fishing, eco-tourism, and a slower-paced, nature-focused lifestyle.

Northern Panama

• Geographical Features: Caribbean coastline, coral reefs, and tropical islands.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Colón, Isla Grande, and Gatún Lake.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Afro-Caribbean culture, historic forts, and the Free Trade Zone in Colón.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Trade and logistics, tourism, and a vibrant Afro-Caribbean cultural scene.

Southern Panama

• Geographical Features: Pacific coastline, mangrove forests, and the Azuero Peninsula.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Las Tablas, Pedasí, and Coiba National Park.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Traditional festivals (e.g., Carnival), colonial architecture, and pre-Columbian archaeological sites.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Agriculture, fishing, and a strong emphasis on traditional Panamanian culture and festivities.

No related destinations found for this zone.

Trip Planning

When to go?

• Climate Type: Tropical maritime; hot, humid, and cloudy with prolonged rainy seasons and short dry seasons.
• Average Temperatures: Summer (dry season) averages around 32°C (90°F), while winter (rainy season) averages around 27°C (81°F). Temperatures remain relatively consistent year-round due to Panama's proximity to the equator.
• Rainfall & Precipitation: Annual rainfall varies by region, with the Caribbean coast receiving up to 3,000 mm (118 inches) and the Pacific coast receiving around 1,500 mm (59 inches). The rainy season typically lasts from May to December, while the dry season spans January to April.
• Seasonal Variations: Panama experiences two distinct seasons: the dry season (summer) and the rainy season (winter). The dry season is characterized by sunny days and lower humidity, while the rainy season brings frequent afternoon showers and higher humidity levels.
• Natural Disasters: Panama is occasionally affected by tropical storms and hurricanes, particularly on the Caribbean coast. Flooding and landslides can occur during heavy rainfall in the rainy season.
• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit Panama is during the dry season, from January to April, when the weather is sunny and rainfall is minimal, making it perfect for outdoor activities and exploring the country's natural beauty.

Practical Info

Money Matters

• Currency: The official currency of Panama is the Panamanian Balboa (PAB), which is pegged to the US Dollar (USD) at a 1:1 ratio. US Dollars are widely accepted and used interchangeably with Balboas.
• ATMs and Banking: ATMs are widely available in cities and tourist areas. Most ATMs dispense both USD and PAB. Major credit cards are accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger stores, but it's advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and rural areas.
• Tipping: Tipping is customary in Panama. A 10% service charge is often added to restaurant bills, but an additional 5-10% tip is appreciated for good service. For taxi drivers, rounding up the fare is common, and hotel staff typically receive $1-2 per service.
• Cost of Living: Panama is relatively affordable compared to many Western countries. Meals at local restaurants can cost as little as $5-10, while upscale dining may range from $20-50 per person. Public transportation is inexpensive, with bus fares starting at $0.25.
• Bargaining: Bargaining is not common in retail stores or restaurants, but it is acceptable in markets and when dealing with street vendors. Always negotiate politely and be prepared to walk away if the price isn't right.
• Taxes: Panama has a 7% sales tax (ITBMS) on most goods and services. Some hotels and restaurants may add a 10% tourism tax. Always check your bill to understand what taxes have been applied.
• Currency Exchange: While USD is widely used, it's a good idea to carry some Balboas for small purchases. Currency exchange services are available at airports, banks, and exchange offices, but rates may vary.
• Safety: Panama is generally safe for travelers, but it's wise to be cautious with your money. Avoid displaying large amounts of cash and use hotel safes for valuables. Be vigilant in crowded areas to prevent pickpocketing.

Packing List

When packing for Panama, consider its tropical climate, diverse geography, and the activities you plan to enjoy. Here’s a guide to help you prepare:

Clothing

• Lightweight, breathable clothing: Panama’s weather is hot and humid year-round, so pack lightweight fabrics like cotton or linen.
• Rain gear: A compact rain jacket or travel umbrella is essential, especially during the rainy season (May to November).
• Swimwear: Don’t forget swimsuits for the beaches, islands, and hotel pools.
• Comfortable footwear: Bring sturdy walking shoes for exploring cities and hiking trails, plus sandals for the beach.
• Layers for cooler areas: If visiting higher-altitude regions like Boquete or Volcán Barú, pack a light sweater or jacket for cooler evenings.

Accessories

• Sunscreen and sunglasses: Protect yourself from the strong tropical sun.
• Insect repellent: Essential for avoiding mosquito bites, especially in rural or jungle areas.
• Reusable water bottle: Stay hydrated, and consider a bottle with a filter for safe drinking water.
• Daypack: A small backpack is handy for day trips and carrying essentials.

Travel Essentials

• Passport and copies: Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months. Carry photocopies or digital backups.
• Travel adapter: Panama uses Type A and B plugs, and the voltage is 110V.
• Cash and cards: While credit cards are widely accepted, carry some US dollars (Panama’s official currency) for smaller vendors and remote areas.
• Medications and first aid: Bring any prescription medications and a basic first aid kit.

Seasonal Considerations

Panama has two main seasons: dry (December to April) and rainy (May to November). During the dry season, pack light clothing and sun protection. In the rainy season, prioritize waterproof gear and quick-drying clothes. If visiting during Carnival (February or March), bring festive attire for parades and celebrations.

Lastly, don’t forget your sense of adventure—Panama’s diverse landscapes, from beaches to rainforests, promise unforgettable experiences!

Healthcare Requirements

Before traveling to Panama, it is essential to ensure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio, and your yearly flu shot. Depending on your travel plans, additional vaccinations for Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and Hepatitis B may be recommended. Malaria and Dengue fever are present in certain regions, particularly in rural areas and during the rainy season (April to December), so it is advisable to take preventive measures such as using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves, and sleeping under mosquito nets.

Medical Facilities

Panama City boasts modern medical facilities with well-trained staff, but rural areas may have limited healthcare services. It is recommended to have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical evacuation in case of emergencies. Pharmacies are widely available, but it is wise to carry a basic supply of any prescription medications you may need.

Water and Food Safety

Tap water in Panama City and most urban areas is generally safe to drink, but it is advisable to stick to bottled water in rural regions. Be cautious with street food and ensure that any food you consume is thoroughly cooked and served hot to avoid foodborne illnesses.

Seasonal Health Considerations

During the rainy season, the risk of mosquito-borne diseases increases, so extra precautions should be taken. The dry season (December to April) is generally safer in terms of health risks, but the intense sun can lead to dehydration and sunburn, so staying hydrated and using sunscreen is crucial.

Emergency Contacts

In case of a medical emergency, dial 911 for assistance. It is also a good idea to have the contact information for your country's embassy or consulate in Panama readily available.

Visa Requirements

US and European tourists visiting Panama typically do not require a visa for stays of up to 90 days. However, travelers must present a valid passport with at least six months of validity and proof of onward travel, such as a return ticket. For longer stays or specific purposes, such as work or study, a visa may be required, and additional documentation must be submitted to Panamanian authorities.

Safety

Panama is generally considered a safe destination for travelers, but like any country, it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings and take precautions. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, is the most common issue, particularly in crowded areas, public transportation, and tourist hotspots like Panama City’s Casco Viejo. Avoid displaying valuables, keep your belongings secure, and use reputable transportation services, especially at night.

Urban Areas

In cities, stick to well-lit and busy areas, particularly after dark. Some neighborhoods in Panama City, such as El Chorrillo and Curundú, have higher crime rates and should be avoided. Always use licensed taxis or ride-sharing apps like Uber for safer travel.

Rural and Natural Areas

When exploring Panama’s rural regions and natural attractions, such as the Darien Gap or remote beaches, be cautious of uneven terrain, wildlife, and limited emergency services. Travel with a guide in less-developed areas, and ensure you have adequate supplies and communication tools.

Health and Natural Hazards

Panama is prone to tropical diseases like dengue and Zika, so use insect repellent and wear protective clothing. Tap water is generally safe to drink in urban areas, but bottled water is recommended in rural regions. During the rainy season (May–November), be mindful of flooding and landslides, especially in mountainous areas.

By staying vigilant and following these safety tips, you can enjoy Panama’s vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality with peace of mind.

On the Road

Getting Around

Getting around Panama is relatively easy, with a variety of transportation options available. In urban areas like Panama City, taxis and ride-sharing apps are convenient, while public buses and the Metro system offer affordable alternatives. For longer distances, domestic flights connect major cities, and comfortable intercity buses are a popular choice. In rural and coastal regions, boats and small planes are often necessary to reach remote destinations. Renting a car is an option for exploring at your own pace, but be prepared for varying road conditions outside the city.

Public Transportation

Panama City boasts a modern Metro system, which is efficient and cost-effective for navigating the capital. Public buses, known as "diablos rojos," are widely used but can be crowded and less reliable.

Taxis and Ride-Sharing

Taxis are plentiful in cities, but always confirm the fare before starting your journey, as meters are rarely used. Ride-sharing apps like Uber are also available and often more reliable.

Intercity Travel

Comfortable long-distance buses connect major cities and towns, with air-conditioned coaches offering a pleasant travel experience. Domestic flights are available for quicker access to destinations like Bocas del Toro and David.

Renting a Car

Renting a car is a great way to explore Panama's diverse landscapes, but be cautious of road conditions, especially during the rainy season. International driving permits are recommended.

Boats and Small Planes

In remote areas, particularly the San Blas Islands and Darien Province, boats and small planes are essential for transportation. Always check weather conditions and book through reputable providers.

Culture

• Traditions & Customs: Panama is known for its vibrant traditions, such as the Pollera, the national dress, which is often worn during festivals and celebrations. Another key tradition is the "Diablicos Sucios," a folkloric dance performed during Corpus Christi, blending indigenous and Spanish influences. Family plays a central role in Panamanian culture, with gatherings often centered around food and music.
• Arts & Literature: Panamanian art is deeply influenced by its multicultural heritage, with indigenous, African, and Spanish elements. Notable artists like Alfredo Sinclair and Guillermo Trujillo have gained international recognition. Literature is also rich, with authors such as Rogelio Sinán and Ricardo Miró, who explored themes of national identity and history.
• Music & Dance: Panama's music scene is diverse, with genres like salsa, reggaetón, and traditional folk music such as "tamborito" and "cumbia." The "mejorana," a traditional guitar-like instrument, is central to folk music. Dance forms like the "punto" and "cumbia" are integral to cultural celebrations, often accompanied by vibrant costumes and rhythmic drumming.
• Food & Cuisine: Panamanian cuisine is a fusion of indigenous, African, and Spanish flavors. Popular dishes include "sancocho," a hearty chicken soup, and "ropa vieja," shredded beef stew. Seafood is abundant, with dishes like "ceviche" and "corvina" being staples. "Hojaldras," a type of fried bread, is a favorite breakfast item.
• Languages & Dialects: Spanish is the official language of Panama, spoken by the majority of the population. Indigenous languages such as Ngäbere and Kuna are also spoken in rural areas. English is widely understood, especially in urban centers and the tourism industry.
• Religion & Spirituality: Catholicism is the dominant religion in Panama, deeply influencing its culture and traditions. Religious festivals like Semana Santa (Holy Week) are celebrated with great fervor. Indigenous spiritual practices and Afro-Caribbean religions also play a role, particularly in rural and coastal communities.
• Festivals & Holidays: Panama's festivals are colorful and lively. Carnival, celebrated before Lent, is one of the most significant events, featuring parades, music, and dancing. Independence Day on November 3rd is marked by patriotic displays and cultural events. The Guna Yala region celebrates the "Dule Revolution" to honor their autonomy.
• Social Norms & Etiquette: Panamanians value politeness and respect in social interactions. Greetings are important, often involving a handshake or a kiss on the cheek. Punctuality is flexible, with a more relaxed approach to time known as "hora panameña." Family and community ties are highly respected, and hospitality is a cornerstone of Panamanian culture.