Best Things to do in Morocco

Explore Vibrant Medinas and Souks

The heart of any Moroccan city is its medina, the historic walled old town. These ancient labyrinths are a sensory overload in the best possible way, filled with narrow, winding alleyways, bustling market stalls (souks), and a palpable sense of history. Exploring a medina is an essential Moroccan experience, offering a glimpse into a way of life that has thrived for centuries. For a deeper understanding of the country’s varied landscapes, check out our guide to the Geography of Morocco.

Get Lost in the Djemaa el-Fna Square of Marrakech

The Djemaa el-Fna is not just a square; it’s the vibrant, beating heart of Marrakech. Its character undergoes a complete transformation from day to night. By day, the vast open space is a stage for snake charmers whose flutes create an iconic soundtrack, henna artists beckoning to passersby, and vendors selling freshly squeezed orange juice from colorful carts. As the sun begins to set, the daytime performers pack away, and a new energy emerges. The square fills with rows of food stalls, their grills sending plumes of fragrant smoke into the air. Circles form around storytellers, musicians, and acrobats, carrying on oral traditions that have been passed down for generations. The evening buzz is a spectacle of sound, sight, and flavor.

Spilling out from the square are the countless alleyways of the Marrakech souks. Navigating this maze is an adventure in itself. The souks are loosely organized by craft, so one moment you might be in the aromatic spice square, the next surrounded by the soft glow of intricate lanterns, and then amidst the workshops of leather artisans. The best approach is to embrace the chaos. Allow yourself to wander without a strict destination, follow a scent that intrigues you, and be prepared to get a little lost—it’s part of the fun.

Haggling is an integral part of the souk experience, viewed less as a confrontation and more as a friendly negotiation. To do it respectfully, follow a few simple guidelines:

• Have a price in mind: Decide what the item is worth to you before you start the conversation.
• Start low, but not offensively so: A good starting point is often around half of the initial asking price.
• Stay polite and smile: The exchange should be light-hearted. A good-natured approach will get you much further than aggression.
• Be prepared to walk away: If you can’t agree on a price, it’s perfectly acceptable to politely decline and leave. Sometimes, this will prompt a final, better offer.
• Never start negotiating if you aren’t genuinely interested in buying.

Step Back in Time in the Fes el-Bali Medina

The medina of Fes, Fes el-Bali, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the world’s largest living medieval cities. Its narrow, car-free streets feel utterly removed from the modern world. One of its most iconic sites is the Chouara Tannery. From the terraces of the surrounding leather shops, you can look down upon the stone vats filled with colorful dyes, where workers treat animal hides using methods that have remained unchanged for centuries. You’ll be offered a sprig of mint to hold to your nose, a welcome gesture to counter the pungent, earthy smell of the process.

Deeper within the medina, you’ll find architectural gems like the Al-Attarine Madrasa. This 14th-century Islamic school is a masterpiece of Marinid architecture. Step inside its tranquil courtyard to admire the stunningly intricate zellij tilework, carved cedar wood, and elegant stucco details. It offers a peaceful respite from the bustling streets outside.

Fes has long been Morocco’s cultural and spiritual capital. It is home to the University of Al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 859 AD and considered by many to be the oldest continuously operating university in the world. This deep-rooted history of scholarship, religion, and craftsmanship permeates the city, making a visit to its medina feel like a true journey back in time.

Wander Through the Blue Streets of Chefchaouen

Nestled in the Rif Mountains, Chefchaouen is famous for its breathtaking blue-washed medina. The origin of the blue hue is a subject of some debate. One popular theory suggests that the color was introduced by Jewish refugees in the 15th century, who painted their homes blue to reflect the sky and remind them of God. Whatever the reason, the result is a town with a uniquely serene and photogenic character.

The “Blue Pearl” is a photographer’s dream. The best photo spots aren’t specific landmarks but rather the charming scenes you discover while wandering. Look for narrow staircases painted in varying shades of blue, doorways adorned with colorful flowerpots, and quiet alleys where local cats nap in the sun. The interplay of light and shadow on the blue walls creates a magical effect throughout the day.

Compared to the intense energy of Marrakech and Fes, Chefchaouen offers a much more relaxed atmosphere. The pace of life is slower, the shopkeepers are generally less assertive, and the mountain air is crisp and clean. It’s the perfect place to unwind, stroll without a destination, and simply soak in the peaceful, blue-tinted ambiance.

Embark on a Sahara Desert Adventure

No journey to Morocco is truly complete without venturing into the vast, silent expanse of the Sahara Desert. The iconic image of golden dunes stretching to the horizon is a powerful draw, offering an experience that is both adventurous and deeply serene. Leaving the bustling cities behind, you enter a world of profound silence, shifting sands, and a sky that reveals its full celestial splendor after dusk.

Ride a Camel into the Erg Chebbi Dunes

The most classic way to experience the desert is from the back of a dromedary camel. The dunes of Erg Chebbi, near the town of Merzouga, are famous for their towering height and rich, orange hues. A camel trek here is not just a mode of transport; it’s a slow, rhythmic journey that allows you to connect with the landscape’s immense scale and quiet beauty.

• Sunset or Sunrise Treks: These shorter excursions, typically lasting a couple of hours, are perfect for those with limited time. You’ll ride into the dunes to witness the sky transform in a spectacular display of color as the sun dips below or rises above the horizon.
• Overnight Treks: For a more immersive experience, an overnight trek is essential. This journey takes you deeper into the desert to a traditional camp, combining the magic of both a desert sunset and sunrise, with a night under the stars in between.

Expect a gentle, swaying motion as your camel navigates the sandy terrain. Your Berber guide will lead the way, sharing insights into the desert environment. The pace is unhurried, giving you ample time to absorb the changing light and the sheer tranquility of your surroundings.

Spend a Night in a Berber Desert Camp

An overnight stay in a Berber camp is one of Morocco’s most memorable experiences. Tucked between the dunes, these camps offer a glimpse into the traditional nomadic lifestyle, blended with varying levels of modern comfort.

• Types of Camps: Options range from standard camps with shared facilities and a focus on authenticity, to luxury glamping experiences featuring private tents with en-suite bathrooms, comfortable beds, and refined dining. Both provide a genuine connection to the desert environment.
• Campfire and Music: As evening falls, the camp comes alive. A hearty tagine is often served for dinner, followed by an evening gathered around a crackling campfire. Local Berber guides play traditional drums and sing folk songs, their rhythms echoing in the desert silence.
• Unrivaled Stargazing: Far from the light pollution of any city, the Sahara reveals a night sky of astonishing clarity. The sheer number of visible stars is overwhelming. On a clear, moonless night, the Milky Way arches across the heavens not as a faint haze, but as a brilliant, textured river of light. It is a humbling and profound experience, connecting you to the vastness of the universe in a way that is simply not possible in the modern world.

Experience the Thrill of Sandboarding

For those seeking a bit of adrenaline amidst the calm, the Sahara’s dunes offer the perfect playground for sandboarding. Similar to snowboarding but on sand, it’s a fun and accessible activity for all ages. The towering slopes of Erg Chebbi and Erg Chigaga are the primary locations where you can try this exhilarating sport.

Most desert camps have sandboards available for guests to use. Here are a few tips for your first time:

• Find a dune that matches your comfort level; start small before tackling the larger slopes.
• You can ride standing up or simply sit on the board for an easier, toboggan-style descent.
• Remember that the most challenging part of sandboarding is often the climb back up the dune for another go!

Discover Diverse Natural Landscapes

Beyond the bustling medinas and vast desert, Morocco’s geography offers a surprising variety of natural wonders. From the rugged peaks of Africa’s highest mountain range to the windswept Atlantic coast and lush inland oases, the country’s landscapes provide a stunning backdrop for exploration and adventure. Explore the geography of Morocco for a deeper understanding of these diverse regions.

Hike the High Atlas Mountains

Stretching across the country, the High Atlas Mountains are a formidable and beautiful barrier separating the Sahara from the coastal plains. This region is a paradise for hikers and those seeking to connect with Morocco’s Berber heritage. The air is crisp, the views are expansive, and the sense of tranquility is a welcome contrast to the energy of the cities.

The ultimate challenge for serious trekkers is the ascent of Mount Toubkal, North Africa’s highest peak at 4,167 meters (13,671 feet). A guided multi-day trek is the most common approach, typically starting from the village of Imlil. The journey takes you through dramatic valleys and past remote villages, culminating in a demanding but rewarding summit climb that offers panoramic views across the entire mountain range.

Even if you don’t aim for the summit, the mountains are worth exploring. The trails wind through traditional Berber villages, where life has remained largely unchanged for centuries. Here, you can witness terraced farming, share mint tea with local families, and gain a deeper understanding of the indigenous culture. Treks can range from accessible day trips from Marrakech to immersive week-long expeditions, allowing you to choose an experience that matches your fitness level and interests.

Relax in the Coastal Town of Essaouira

With its fortified walls, whitewashed buildings, and vibrant blue fishing boats, Essaouira is a refreshing coastal escape. This historic port town on the Atlantic has a distinctly relaxed atmosphere, its sea air carrying the sounds of seagulls and the scent of fresh seafood. It’s a place to slow down, wander, and absorb the artistic, bohemian vibe.

A walk along the 18th-century ramparts is essential. The Skala de la Ville is a magnificent sea bastion offering stunning views of the crashing Atlantic waves and the offshore Île de Mogador. Its old brass cannons, pointing out to sea, are a reminder of the town’s past as a strategic defensive port. The medina itself is a UNESCO World Heritage site, with clean, wide alleyways that are a pleasure to explore without the intensity of Marrakech or Fes.

Thanks to the strong and consistent trade winds, known as the alizé, Essaouira is a world-renowned destination for kitesurfing and windsurfing. The long, sandy bay provides ideal conditions for both beginners and experts. After a day on the water or exploring the town, head to the bustling port. Here, you can watch fishermen mending their nets, choose your own fresh catch from the day’s haul, and have it grilled to perfection at one of the simple, open-air food stalls.

Visit the Cascades d’Ouzoud Waterfalls

Located in the Middle Atlas mountains, the Cascades d’Ouzoud are one of Morocco’s most spectacular natural sights. A collection of waterfalls plunges over 110 meters (360 feet) through three tiers of red rock cliffs, creating a dramatic and verdant oasis. The sound of the rushing water is a constant presence, and a fine mist often creates rainbows in the afternoon sun.

A network of paths allows you to walk down to the base of the falls, offering different perspectives along the way. For a unique experience, you can hire one of the small, flower-adorned boats to take you right up to the powerful cascade, offering a close-up view and a refreshing spray. The area around the falls is lush with olive groves, from which the falls get their name—”Ouzoud” means “the act of grinding grain” in Berber.

The falls are also home to a thriving population of wild Barbary macaques. These playful primates are often seen in the trees and along the paths, particularly in the late afternoon. While they are accustomed to people, it’s best to observe them from a respectful distance and avoid feeding them to ensure they remain wild and healthy.

Immerse Yourself in Rich Moroccan Culture

Stay in a Traditional Riad

To truly connect with the architectural soul of Morocco, there is no substitute for staying in a riad. A riad is a traditional Moroccan house or palace with an interior garden or courtyard. This inward-facing design creates a tranquil oasis, shielding guests from the energy of the medina outside. The central courtyard, often featuring a fountain and lush greenery, is the heart of the home, around which the rooms are situated. Expect to be enchanted by intricate details like zellij tilework, carved plaster, and ornate wooden ceilings, which reflect centuries of craftsmanship.

Unlike the often impersonal nature of a conventional hotel, a riad offers an intimate and authentic experience. With only a handful of rooms, the service is highly personalized, and the atmosphere feels more like being a guest in a private home. Waking up to the sound of birds in the courtyard and enjoying a homemade breakfast on a rooftop terrace overlooking the city is a quintessential Moroccan experience that a larger hotel simply cannot replicate.

When selecting a riad, consider these points:

• Location: Decide if you prefer being deep within the labyrinthine alleys of the medina for a fully immersive experience or closer to the edge for easier access to taxis and main roads.
• Reviews: Look for recent guest feedback that comments on the hospitality of the host and the cleanliness of the property. The quality of service is paramount in a riad.
• Amenities: Some riads are simple and traditional, while others have been updated with modern comforts like plunge pools and air conditioning, which can be a welcome relief during warmer months.

Experience a Traditional Hammam

A Moroccan hammam, or steam bath, is a deeply ingrained cultural ritual focused on cleansing and purification. The experience typically begins in a warm room to acclimate your body before moving to a hotter steam room to open your pores. Here, an attendant will apply savon beldi, a black soap made from olives, and then perform a vigorous full-body exfoliation (gommage) with a coarse kessa glove. This process removes dead skin, leaving you feeling exceptionally clean and revitalized. The ritual often concludes with a cool water rinse and time to relax.

You can choose between two distinct types of hammam experiences. The local public hammam is an authentic, no-frills cultural immersion. It’s a communal and social affair, segregated by gender, where you’ll see Moroccans of all ages participating in their weekly ritual. For those seeking more privacy and pampering, a private spa hammam offers a more luxurious and serene environment. These upscale versions often include additional treatments like rhassoul clay masks, argan oil applications, and relaxing massages in a beautifully decorated, private setting.

Explore Ancient Kasbahs and Palaces

Morocco’s landscape is dotted with architectural testaments to its layered history, from fortified desert towns to opulent royal residences.

The most iconic of these is Ait Benhaddou, a magnificent ksar (fortified village) and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the foothills of the High Atlas. This stunning collection of earthen clay buildings, enclosed by defensive walls, is a brilliant example of pre-Saharan architecture. Its dramatic beauty has not gone unnoticed by Hollywood; Ait Benhaddou has served as a filming location for countless productions, including Gladiator, The Mummy, and the acclaimed series Game of Thrones.

In Marrakech, the Bahia Palace offers a window into the lavish lifestyle of a 19th-century vizier. The name “Bahia” means “brilliance,” and the palace lives up to it with its sprawling complex of intricately carved ceilings, stunning stuccowork, and serene courtyards filled with fragrant gardens. Every room and riad within the palace showcases the pinnacle of Moroccan and Islamic artistic expression from that era.

For a journey further back in time, visit the Roman ruins of Volubilis. Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, this once-thriving outpost of the Roman Empire is surprisingly well-preserved. You can wander among the remains of grand villas, a triumphal arch, a capitol, and a basilica, but the true highlight is the collection of intricate and vibrant floor mosaics that depict scenes from classical mythology, offering a fascinating glimpse into Roman life in North Africa.

Indulge in Authentic Moroccan Cuisine

A journey through Morocco is a journey through its flavors. The country’s cuisine is a rich tapestry woven from Berber, Arab, Andalusian, and French influences, characterized by a delicate balance of spices, sweet and savory combinations, and slow-cooked preparations. To truly understand Morocco, you must taste it.

Savor a Traditional Tagine

The tagine is perhaps the most iconic symbol of Moroccan cooking. The name refers to both the dish itself and the distinctive earthenware pot in which it is cooked. This conical pot is a brilliant piece of culinary engineering; it traps steam during the slow cooking process, which then condenses and drips back down onto the ingredients, keeping everything tender and moist while concentrating the flavors. The result is a succulent, aromatic stew that is both comforting and complex.

While the variations are nearly endless, some classic combinations are essential to try:

• Lamb with Prunes and Almonds: A perfect example of the sweet and savory balance, this rich dish combines tender lamb with the sweetness of prunes and the crunch of toasted almonds, often seasoned with ginger, saffron, and cinnamon.
• Chicken with Preserved Lemons and Olives: A zesty and fragrant classic, this tagine offers a bright, tangy flavor profile from the unique taste of preserved lemons, balanced by the saltiness of olives.
• Kefta Tagine: Small, spiced meatballs are gently simmered in a flavorful tomato and onion sauce, often with an egg cracked on top just before serving.

Participate in a Cooking Class

For a deeper connection to Moroccan culinary traditions, consider participating in a cooking class. These hands-on experiences offer much more than a simple recipe. Many classes begin with a guided tour of a local souk to source fresh ingredients—aromatic spices, vibrant vegetables, and quality meats. You’ll learn to identify key spices like ras el hanout, understand the importance of fresh produce, and even practice the art of haggling for your supplies.

Back in the kitchen, typically in the serene courtyard of a traditional riad, you will learn the techniques behind classic dishes. From preparing a tagine to rolling couscous by hand, these classes provide an intimate and rewarding way to engage with the culture. It’s a skill and a memory you can take home, allowing you to recreate the tastes of Morocco long after your trip has ended.

Drink Mint Tea with the Locals

In Morocco, mint tea is more than just a beverage; it is a cornerstone of social life and a symbol of hospitality. Known affectionately as “Berber whiskey,” this sweet, fragrant tea is served at all hours and on all occasions, from welcoming guests to sealing business deals. Accepting a glass is a sign of respect and friendship.

The preparation is a ceremony in itself. Green tea is steeped with a generous bunch of fresh spearmint leaves and a substantial amount of sugar. The host then pours the tea from a height into small, ornate glasses. This theatrical pour is not just for show; it aerates the tea to create a delicate foam, or “crown,” on top and cools it to the perfect drinking temperature. To sit and share a pot of mint tea is to participate in a cherished daily ritual.

Try Street Food and Local Delicacies

While elegant riad dinners are a delight, the true pulse of Moroccan cuisine is found on its streets. The food stalls and small eateries, particularly in bustling squares like Marrakech’s Djemaa el-Fna, offer an incredible array of authentic and affordable dishes. Navigating these stalls is an adventure for the senses, with the air thick with the aromas of grilling meats and simmering spices.

Be sure to seek out some of these local favorites:

• B’ssara: A simple yet deeply satisfying fava bean or split pea soup, often drizzled with olive oil and sprinkled with cumin. It’s a popular breakfast dish for locals.
• Snail Soup (Ghoulal): Don’t be hesitant. This aromatic broth, seasoned with a unique blend of spices, is believed to have restorative properties and is a beloved street food snack.
• Mechoui: Tender, slow-roasted lamb or mutton so soft it falls off the bone, often sold by weight from dedicated street-side stalls.
• Harira: A hearty lentil, tomato, and chickpea soup that is traditionally eaten to break the fast during Ramadan but is available year-round.

Practical Tips for Your Moroccan Adventure

A little preparation goes a long way in making your Moroccan journey smooth and rewarding. Understanding the local customs, transportation, and the best times to travel will allow you to focus on the incredible experiences that await.

Best Time to Visit

Timing your visit can significantly shape your experience in Morocco. The most pleasant times to travel are during the shoulder seasons of spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). During these months, the weather is comfortably warm across the country, making it ideal for exploring bustling medinas, hiking in the mountains, and relaxing on the coast without the intensity of the summer sun.

Summer (June to August) can be extremely hot, particularly in Marrakech and the Sahara Desert, with temperatures often soaring above 40°C (104°F). While the coastal areas remain milder, the inland heat can be challenging. Conversely, winter (December to February) brings cooler temperatures. The High Atlas Mountains will be snow-capped, offering beautiful scenery but making high-altitude treks difficult for all but the most experienced mountaineers. Cities like Fes and Marrakech can be chilly, especially at night, but are generally sunny and quiet.

Getting Around Morocco

Morocco offers a variety of reliable and affordable transportation options connecting its diverse regions. The choice often depends on your destination, budget, and desired level of comfort.

• Trains and Buses: The national train network, ONCF, is an excellent way to travel between major cities like Casablanca, Marrakech, Fes, and Tangier. The trains are generally comfortable, punctual, and offer different classes. For destinations not served by rail, reputable bus companies like CTM and Supratours provide extensive networks with comfortable, air-conditioned coaches that reach almost every corner of the country.
• Renting a Car: For those seeking flexibility and the freedom to explore off-the-beaten-path destinations, renting a car is a great option. Major roads between cities are well-maintained. However, driving within the ancient medinas is impossible, and city traffic can be chaotic. Be prepared for winding mountain roads and varying conditions in rural areas.
• Taxis: You will encounter two types of taxis. Petit taxis (small taxis, color-coded by city) are used for trips within city limits and should be metered; it’s wise to ensure the driver starts the meter. Grand taxis (large, older sedans) operate on fixed routes between towns or can be hired for private long-distance journeys at a pre-negotiated price. They are often shared with other passengers to reduce the cost.

Essential Cultural Etiquette

Morocco is a welcoming and hospitable country, and observing a few cultural norms will be greatly appreciated by its people. It shows respect and can lead to more meaningful interactions.

• Appropriate Dress: Morocco is a predominantly Muslim country, and modest dress is recommended, especially for women. While you will see tourists in all manner of attire in major cities, covering your shoulders and knees is a sign of respect. This is particularly important when visiting mosques or religious sites and when traveling in more rural, conservative areas. Loose, lightweight clothing is both respectful and practical in the heat.
• Photography: Always ask for permission before taking a photograph of a person. While many people are happy to be photographed, others may decline for personal or religious reasons. In busy souks, be mindful that some vendors or artisans may not wish for their work to be photographed without a purchase. A simple smile and a gesture with your camera is a universally understood way to ask.
• Greetings and Language: Learning a few basic phrases goes a long way. The official languages are Arabic and Amazigh (Berber), with French being widely spoken in business and tourism. A friendly “Salam Alaikum” (Peace be upon you) is a universal greeting. Other useful phrases include “Shukran” (Thank you) and “La, shukran” (No, thank you), which is helpful in the souks. In French, “Bonjour” (Hello) and “Merci” (Thank you) are also widely understood and appreciated.