Cusco travel guide

Why Cusco is an Unforgettable Destination

Perched high in the Andes mountains, Cusco is far more than a simple stopover on the way to Peru’s famous ruins. It is a city that breathes history, a vibrant tapestry of ancient Inca foundations and Spanish colonial grandeur. To walk its cobblestone streets is to step into a living narrative, where past and present coexist in a delicate and fascinating balance. This is a destination that captivates the senses and serves as the essential starting point for any Andean adventure.

The Historic Capital of the Inca Empire

Once the political, military, and spiritual center of the vast Inca Empire, Cusco was known as the “navel of the world.” Its historical significance is so profound that the entire city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. The city’s unique character lies in its remarkable architectural fusion. The Spanish, upon their conquest, built their own baroque churches and casonas directly atop the masterfully engineered stone walls of the Incas. This juxtaposition is everywhere, from the grand Cathedral on the Plaza de Armas to the Convent of Santo Domingo, which rises from the foundations of the sacred Inca temple of Qorikancha. Cusco is not a city of ruins; it is a city built upon them, offering a tangible lesson in history at every turn.

The Cultural Heartbeat of the Andes

Cusco is the undeniable cultural heart of the Andean region, where indigenous Quechua heritage and mestizo traditions converge. This dynamic blend is evident in the faces of its people, the vibrant textiles sold in its markets, and the sounds of both Spanish and Quechua spoken in the streets. The city’s calendar is punctuated by colorful festivals that draw on centuries of tradition, most notably Inti Raymi, the Inca Festival of the Sun. Daily life offers its own spectacle, especially in bustling hubs like the San Pedro Market, where locals gather to buy everything from fresh produce and cheeses to traditional remedies and alpaca sweaters. This constant cultural expression makes Cusco a deeply immersive and authentic experience.

Gateway to Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley

For travelers worldwide, Cusco is the primary gateway to Peru’s most celebrated landmarks. It is the necessary and logical starting point for any journey to Machu Picchu, whether by scenic train or a multi-day trek. The city also serves as the ideal base for exploring the magnificent Sacred Valley of the Incas, a region dotted with formidable ruins, traditional villages, and stunning landscapes. Beyond its role as a logistical hub, Cusco is a world-class center for adventure. It is the launchpad for iconic treks like the Inca Trail and the challenging Salkantay Trek, as well as countless other excursions to glacial lakes, rainbow mountains, and remote communities, making it an essential destination for both culture and adventure seekers.

Best Time to Visit Cusco

Choosing when to visit Cusco depends largely on your priorities—whether you seek clear skies for trekking or prefer fewer crowds and verdant landscapes. The Andean climate is distinctly divided into two seasons: dry and wet. Each offers a unique experience of the city and its surrounding wonders.

The Dry Season (April to October)

This period is widely considered the best time to travel to Cusco, especially for those planning to hike or explore archaeological sites. The weather is characterized by brilliant blue skies, strong sun, and minimal rainfall. However, as the sun sets, the temperature drops significantly, leading to cold nights and early mornings.

• Pros: With clear, sunny days, this season is ideal for trekking the Inca Trail, visiting Machu Picchu, and capturing stunning photographs. The stable weather conditions make it the most reliable time for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
• Cons: As the peak tourist season, you can expect larger crowds at all major attractions. Prices for flights, accommodations, and tours are at their highest, and booking well in advance is essential.

The Wet Season (November to March)

Often called the “green season,” this period sees the Andean landscape transform into a lush, vibrant panorama. While you can expect frequent afternoon rain showers, they are often brief, and mornings can be clear and pleasant. Temperatures are generally milder than in the dry season, particularly at night.

• Pros: The most significant advantages are fewer tourists and lower prices. The scenery is exceptionally beautiful, with hillsides covered in wildflowers and greenery. It’s a wonderful time for photographers who appreciate dramatic, cloud-filled skies.
• Cons: The rain can sometimes disrupt travel plans, causing delays or making trails muddy and slippery. It is crucial to note that the classic Inca Trail is closed for maintenance throughout February.

Major Festivals and Events

Aligning your visit with one of Cusco’s major festivals provides a spectacular window into its living culture, where ancient traditions and colonial influences merge. These events bring the city to life with music, dance, processions, and traditional foods.

• Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun): Held on June 24th, this is Cusco‘s most important festival. It’s a grand theatrical re-enactment of the Inca winter solstice celebration, with elaborate ceremonies at Qorikancha, the Plaza de Armas, and a magnificent finale at the fortress of Sacsayhuamán.
• Semana Santa (Holy Week): The week leading up to Easter is marked by solemn and beautiful processions. The most notable is the procession of the Señor de los Temblores (Lord of the Earthquakes), Cusco‘s patron saint, which draws massive crowds into the streets.
• Corpus Christi: This vibrant Catholic festival, held sixty days after Easter Sunday, sees fifteen statues of saints and virgins from various parishes carried in a grand procession to the Cusco Cathedral to “greet” the body of Christ. The city is filled with music, dancing, and traditional dishes like chiriuchu.

Getting to and Around Cusco

Navigating your arrival and movement within Cusco is straightforward, with options available for various budgets and travel styles. As the hub for exploring the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, understanding the local transport landscape will make your journey smoother from the moment you land.

Arriving by Air

The primary gateway to the region is the Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ), located just a short drive from the city’s historic center. While it’s an international airport, most travelers will arrive on a domestic flight after connecting through Lima’s Jorge Chávez International Airport (LIM).

When booking your travel, it’s wise to look for flights that arrive in Cusco in the morning. This gives you the rest of the day to settle in and begin the crucial process of acclimatizing to the altitude at a relaxed pace. Booking several months in advance, especially for travel during the peak dry season, is recommended to secure better fares.

Once you’ve collected your luggage, you have several options for reaching your accommodation:

• Official Taxis: These are the most convenient option. Proceed to the official taxi counters inside the arrivals hall to book a ride at a fixed, fair price. This helps you avoid haggling with drivers outside.
• Ride-Sharing Apps: Services like Uber and Cabify operate in Cusco, though pick-up locations at the airport can sometimes be less defined than the official taxi stand.
• Pre-Booked Shuttles: Many hotels and tour operators offer airport transfer services. Arranging this in advance can provide peace of mind, with a driver waiting for you upon arrival.

Arriving by Bus

For those traveling within Peru, long-distance buses offer a connection to Cusco from cities like Lima, Arequipa, and Puno. Major companies provide comfortable reclining seats (known as cama or semi-cama) for overnight journeys.

This is a budget-friendly option, but it is also very time-consuming; the trip from Lima, for example, can take over 20 hours. Bus travel is often better suited for travelers who are already somewhat acclimatized to altitude. A journey from a mid-altitude city like Arequipa allows for a more gradual ascent, which can help mitigate the effects of altitude sickness, whereas the long, winding trip from sea-level Lima can be exhausting upon arrival.

Getting Around the City

Cusco’s core is wonderfully accessible, making it a joy to explore. Your transport needs will vary depending on where you want to go.

• Walking the Historic Center: The best way to experience the heart of Cusco is on foot. The main attractions, from the Plaza de Armas to the San Blas neighborhood, are connected by a charming labyrinth of narrow, cobblestone streets. Walking allows you to discover hidden courtyards, artisan shops, and architectural details at your own pace.
• Taxis and Ride-Sharing Apps: For destinations further afield or when you’re tired from a day of exploring, taxis are readily available. It is highly advisable to use official, registered taxis or a trusted ride-sharing app. Meters are not common, so you must agree on a fare with the driver before you get in the car. Ask your hotel for typical rates to popular destinations to get a sense of fair pricing.
• Colectivos: These shared vans are a vital part of local life and an incredibly affordable way to travel. They operate on fixed routes, often departing once they are full. While they require a bit more adventurousness, colectivos are an excellent option for short trips to nearby towns or archaeological sites just outside the city center, such as Pisac or the ruins above Cusco.

How to Handle Altitude Sickness (Soroche)

Cusco’s breathtaking altitude is part of its Andean charm, but it requires respect and adjustment. Altitude sickness, known locally as soroche, affects many visitors, regardless of age or fitness level. Fortunately, with a few simple precautions, you can minimize its effects and fully enjoy your time in the heart of the Inca empire.

Understanding the Challenge

The primary reason for altitude sickness is the lower level of oxygen in the air. Cusco is situated at approximately 3,400 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level, and your body needs time to adapt to functioning with less oxygen.

Symptoms usually appear within 6 to 24 hours of arrival and can include:

• Headache
• Nausea or dizziness
• Fatigue and general weakness
• Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
• Difficulty sleeping

Prevention is Key

The most effective strategy for dealing with soroche is to prevent it before it starts. The golden rule is to take it easy and allow your body to acclimatize gradually.

• Acclimatize Slowly: Plan for a relaxed first 24 to 48 hours in Cusco. Avoid strenuous activities, long hikes, or big tours on your first day. A gentle walk around the Plaza de Armas is a perfect way to begin your exploration. Consider our guide to best things to do in Cusco for relaxed activities.
• Stay Hydrated: The air at high altitudes is very dry, and dehydration can worsen symptoms. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, more than you might normally consume.
• Eat Light and Avoid Alcohol: Upon arrival, opt for light, easily digestible meals like soups or simple chicken dishes. Avoid heavy, fatty foods and alcoholic beverages for the first day or two, as they can interfere with the acclimatization process.

Local Remedies and Medical Options

If you do experience mild symptoms, several local and medical options can provide relief. The Andean people have been managing life at high altitudes for centuries and have developed effective traditional remedies.

• Coca Tea (Mate de Coca): This is the most common and traditional remedy for soroche. Nearly every hotel and restaurant in Cusco offers complimentary coca tea. The mild stimulant in the leaves is believed to help with oxygen absorption and alleviate headaches. You can also chew the coca leaves, another popular local practice.
• Medication: Over-the-counter medications for pain relief can help with headaches. Some travelers also use prescription drugs like Acetazolamide (Diamox) as a preventative measure. It is essential to consult your doctor before your trip to discuss whether this is a suitable option for you. For more health-related advice, see our Vaccination & Health requirement to visit Peru guide.
• When to Seek Medical Help: While most cases of soroche are mild, severe symptoms should never be ignored. If you experience a severe, persistent headache, vomiting, confusion, or significant difficulty breathing even while at rest, seek medical attention immediately. Cusco has clinics and hospitals equipped to handle altitude-related issues.

Top Attractions in Cusco City

While many travelers see Cusco as a launchpad for Machu Picchu, the city itself is a world-class destination rich with history, culture, and architectural wonders. The former Inca capital offers a captivating blend of pre-Columbian foundations and colonial grandeur, inviting days of exploration through its cobblestone streets. If you’re planning your trip, our guide to travel itinerary ideas for Peru can help you structure your visit.

Exploring the Historic Center

The heart of Cusco beats in its historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage site where every corner tells a story. It’s a place best discovered on foot, allowing the layers of history to reveal themselves.

• Plaza de Armas: This is the social and historical epicenter of Cusco. Flanked by magnificent colonial arcades, meticulously maintained gardens, and two imposing churches, the plaza is a constant hub of activity. It was once the Inca’s “Huacaypata,” a ceremonial square, and today serves as the perfect starting point for any city tour.
• Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus: Dominating the Plaza de Armas are two of Peru’s most significant religious structures. The vast Cusco Cathedral, built over the Inca Wiracocha’s palace, houses an incredible collection of colonial art from the “Cusco School,” including a famous rendition of the Last Supper featuring a guinea pig. Adjacent, the ornate baroque facade of the Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús offers a stunning counterpoint with its own gilded altars and impressive artwork.
• Qorikancha (The Sun Temple) and the Convent of Santo Domingo: Perhaps the most striking example of the fusion of Inca and Spanish worlds is Qorikancha. Once the most sacred temple in the Inca Empire, its walls were reputedly covered in gold. Spanish conquistadors built the Convent of Santo Domingo directly on top of its foundations, but the original, perfectly smooth and mortarless Inca stonework remains visible, a powerful testament to their engineering mastery.

The Artistic San Blas Neighborhood

A short, uphill walk from the Plaza de Armas leads you into the charming, bohemian district of San Blas. This area is known for its distinct character, a world away from the bustle of the main square.

• Cobblestone Streets and Artisan Workshops: San Blas is a labyrinth of steep, narrow streets lined with white-washed adobe houses and bright blue balconies. It has long been the home of Cusco’s finest artisans, and you’ll find countless workshops and galleries showcasing everything from intricate wood carvings and religious sculptures to contemporary paintings and ceramics.
• San Blas Viewpoint (Mirador de San Blas): The climb through the neighborhood is rewarded at the small plaza by the San Blas church, which offers a picturesque viewpoint. From the Mirador de San Blas, you can enjoy a panoramic vista over the city’s iconic red-tiled roofs against the backdrop of the surrounding mountains.

Key Inca Ruins within the City Limits

Just above the city, a collection of remarkable Inca archaeological sites provides a fascinating glimpse into the empire’s power and spiritual beliefs. These sites demonstrate the Inca’s profound connection to the landscape.

• Sacsayhuamán: Overlooking Cusco like a silent guardian, the fortress of Sacsayhuamán is a marvel of megalithic construction. Its massive, zigzagging stone walls are built from stones so large and perfectly fitted that it’s hard to comprehend how they were moved and placed. While its exact purpose is debated—whether fortress, temple, or both—its scale is undeniably impressive.
• Q’enqo, Puka Pukara, and Tambomachay: These three smaller but equally intriguing sites are located along the road from Sacsayhuamán. Q’enqo is a limestone outcrop carved with complex patterns and a subterranean altar. Puka Pukara, or the “Red Fort,” likely served as a military checkpoint, while Tambomachay features a series of elegant aqueducts and fountains, suggesting it was a site for water worship. Conveniently, these four sites are often visited together on a half-day tour, and access is included in the Boleto Turístico del Cusco (Tourist Ticket).

Immersive Cultural Experiences

To truly understand Cusco, step away from the monuments and dive into its living culture through its markets and museums.

• San Pedro Market: A short walk from the Plaza de Armas, the Mercado Central de San Pedro is a vibrant assault on the senses. This bustling market is where locals shop for everything from fresh produce, meats, and cheeses to textiles and shamanic herbs. Head to the juice stands for a freshly blended drink or brave the food section for an authentic and affordable lunch.
• Museo Inka (Inka Museum): Housed in a colonial mansion, this museum provides an exhaustive look into Inca culture. It boasts a vast collection of artifacts, including pottery, textiles, metalwork, and even Inca mummies, offering deep context for the ruins you’ll visit throughout the region.
• Museo de Arte Precolombino (Pre-Columbian Art Museum): For a more curated experience, the MAP museum showcases exceptional artistic pieces from various pre-Columbian cultures that preceded the Incas. The exhibits are beautifully displayed in the historic Casa Cabrera, making it a highlight for anyone interested in ancient art and history.

Essential Day Trips and Short Excursions

While Cusco itself is captivating, its true magic lies in its position as a hub for exploring the surrounding Andean landscapes, which are rich with Inca history and natural wonders. These day trips offer a deeper understanding of the region’s past and present, taking you from sacred valleys to surreal, high-altitude landscapes. For a comprehensive overview of what to expect when traveling in Peru, check out our guide to getting around in Peru.

The Sacred Valley of the Incas

Stretching between Cusco and Machu Picchu, the Urubamba River valley, known as the Sacred Valley, was the agricultural heartland of the Inca Empire. Its fertile lands, temperate climate, and lower altitude made it a cherished region. A full-day tour is the most common way to experience its highlights, each town offering a unique perspective on Inca and colonial life.

• Pisac: This village is renowned for two main attractions. High above the town, the sprawling ruins of an Inca citadel cling to the mountainside, featuring impressive agricultural terraces, temples, and residential areas. Down in the valley, Pisac hosts a vibrant market, which is particularly large on Sundays, offering everything from local produce to intricate artisan textiles.
• Ollantaytambo: A remarkable example of Inca urban planning, Ollantaytambo is often called a “living Inca town” because its inhabitants reside within centuries-old canchas (Inca housing compounds). The town is dominated by a formidable stone fortress that climbs a steep hillside, the site of a rare Inca victory over the Spanish conquistadors. It also serves as a primary departure point for trains to Machu Picchu.
• Chinchero: Perched on a high plain, Chinchero is celebrated for its rich weaving traditions. Here, you can visit cooperatives where local women demonstrate the entire process of creating textiles, from spinning and dyeing wool with natural pigments to weaving complex patterns on backstrap looms. The town also features a beautiful colonial church built atop the foundations of an Inca palace.

Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)

The striated, mineral-rich slopes of Vinicunca, or Rainbow Mountain, have become one of Peru’s most iconic images. Reaching this natural wonder requires a significant physical effort due to the extreme altitude, which peaks at over 5,000 meters (16,400 feet).

Preparing for the trek is essential. Proper acclimatization in Cusco for several days is non-negotiable. Tours depart before dawn to make the long drive to the trailhead. The hike itself is a steady, high-altitude walk that takes a few hours, with the final ascent being particularly steep. The reward is a panoramic view of the colorful mountain and the majestic Ausangate glacier in the distance. For those concerned about the difficulty, an alternative option is Palccoyo Rainbow Mountain, which offers views of three distinct rainbow-hued mountains with a much shorter and flatter walk. This is a popular trek, and you can find more information on other challenging hikes in our guide to the best hikes in Peru.

Humantay Lake

Nestled at the base of the Salkantay mountain range is Humantay Lake, a glacial lagoon of an astonishing turquoise color. The journey to the lake is a popular day trip that combines a scenic drive with a challenging but rewarding hike. You can learn more about the Salkantay Trek, which passes near this beautiful lake.

Tours typically leave Cusco very early in the morning. After a drive of a few hours, you’ll reach the trailhead at Soraypampa. From there, it is a steep, uphill hike of about 90 minutes to two hours to reach the lake, which sits at an altitude of 4,200 meters (13,779 feet). The dramatic contrast between the brilliant water and the snow-capped peak of Humantay Mountain behind it creates a truly memorable scene.

Maras Salt Mines and Moray Terraces

Often visited together on a half-day trip, these two sites offer a fascinating glimpse into the ingenuity of pre-Columbian cultures. They are located on a high plateau between Cusco and the Sacred Valley, providing a different perspective of the Andean landscape.

• Maras: The Salineras de Maras are a stunning mosaic of several thousand individual salt pans that have been harvested since Inca times. A hypersaline spring emerges from the hillside and is channeled through a complex system of waterways, filling the shallow pools where the water evaporates, leaving behind pure salt crystals. The site is still operated by a local cooperative.
• Moray: The archaeological site of Moray consists of several enormous circular depressions, each containing a series of concentric agricultural terraces. The leading theory is that this was a sophisticated agricultural laboratory for the Incas. The varying depths and orientations of the terraces create distinct microclimates, allowing them to experiment with growing different crops at various altitudes and temperatures.

The Journey to Machu Picchu

For most travelers, Cusco is the final and most important stop before embarking on the pilgrimage to Machu Picchu. This legendary Inca citadel, hidden for centuries in the high Andes, is the ultimate reward. Whether you choose a scenic train ride through the Urubamba Valley or a multi-day trek along ancient stone paths, the journey is as memorable as the destination itself.

Choosing Your Path to the Lost City

There are two primary ways to reach Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of Machu Picchu: by train or on foot. Each offers a profoundly different experience, catering to varying levels of comfort, adventure, and time commitment.

By Train

The train journey to Machu Picchu is an experience in itself, offering breathtaking views of the changing landscape as you descend from the highlands into the lush cloud forest. Two main companies operate this route:

• PeruRail: The largest operator, offering a wide range of services from the budget-friendly Expedition train to the panoramic Vistadome and the ultra-luxurious Hiram Bingham, A Belmond Train.
• Inca Rail: A strong competitor with similar service levels, including their Voyager, 360°, and premium First-Class options.

The classes of service vary, but most include comfortable seating, large windows for appreciating the scenery, and onboard service with snacks and drinks. Departure points are also a key consideration. While some trains leave from Cusco (Poroy or San Pedro stations), the most frequent and popular departure point is Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley. Taking the train from Ollantaytambo shortens the journey and is a convenient option if you are already exploring the valley.

By Trekking

For the more adventurous, arriving at Machu Picchu on foot is an unforgettable achievement. Several world-class treks wind through the Andes, each offering a unique perspective on the region’s natural beauty and history.

• The Classic Inca Trail (4-5 days): This is the most famous trek in South America, following the original stone path laid by the Incas. It takes you through diverse ecosystems, past numerous smaller ruins, and culminates in a dramatic entrance to Machu Picchu through the Sun Gate (Inti Punku). Due to its immense popularity and government-imposed limits on daily hikers, it is essential to book this trek with a licensed tour operator at least six months in advance, and even earlier for the high season.
• Salkantay Trek (4-5 days): A popular and challenging alternative, the Salkantay Trek is renowned for its dramatic mountain scenery. The trail crosses a spectacular 4,600-meter (15,090-foot) pass with stunning views of the snow-capped Salkantay peak before descending into the jungle. It does not require the same advance booking as the Inca Trail but is physically demanding.
• Lares Trek (3-4 days): This route is celebrated for its rich cultural immersion. The Lares Trek winds through remote Andean villages where traditional lifestyles, including weaving and alpaca herding, are still practiced. It offers a genuine connection with the local Quechua communities and is generally considered less strenuous than the Salkantay.

Booking Tickets and Tours

Securing your entry to Machu Picchu requires careful planning. As access is strictly controlled to preserve the site, you cannot simply show up and buy a ticket at the gate. Here’s what you need to know.

• Buying Machu Picchu Entrance Tickets: You can purchase tickets directly from the official government website or through a licensed tour operator. While buying directly can be slightly cheaper, the website can be difficult to navigate. Most travelers find it easier to book through a reputable agency, which can bundle tickets with transportation and a guide.
• Understanding the Different Circuits: To manage visitor flow, Machu Picchu is now divided into several one-way circuits. When you buy your ticket, you must choose a specific circuit and entry time. Circuit 2 is often recommended as it offers the classic panoramic photo opportunities and a comprehensive tour of the main areas. Research the different routes beforehand to select the one that best suits your interests and fitness level.
• Hiring a Guide: While not strictly mandatory for all ticket types, hiring a licensed guide is highly recommended. A good guide transforms the site from a collection of impressive stone structures into a living story, explaining the astronomical alignments, architectural purpose, and historical context of the citadel. You can book a guide as part of a tour package or hire one at the entrance.

Where to Stay: Accommodation Guide

Cusco‘s accommodation options are as diverse as its history, ranging from opulent colonial mansions to friendly backpacker hostels. Choosing where to stay depends on your budget, travel style, and desired atmosphere. For a comprehensive overview of what to expect, check out our guide to the Rainbow Mountain.

Luxury Hotels and Historic Stays

For a truly immersive experience, consider staying in one of Cusco’s luxury hotels, many of which are meticulously restored colonial mansions and former monasteries. These properties offer a unique blend of history, comfort, and impeccable service. Expect to find serene courtyards, original Inca stonework integrated into the architecture, and modern amenities like oxygen-enriched rooms to help with the altitude. Properties like the Belmond Hotel Monasterio or Palacio Nazarenas provide an atmosphere of quiet grandeur, placing you directly within the city’s rich past.

Mid-Range and Boutique Options

The majority of travelers will find excellent value and character in Cusco’s mid-range and boutique hotels. These establishments often occupy charming, well-maintained colonial-style buildings and offer a more personal touch than larger chains. You can find beautiful guesthouses with colorful textiles, cozy common areas with fireplaces, and complimentary coca tea available all day. These hotels strike a perfect balance between comfort, local charm, and affordability, providing a comfortable and authentic base for your explorations.

Budget Hostels and Guesthouses

Cusco is a major hub on the South American backpacking circuit, and its selection of hostels reflects this. These are more than just a place to sleep; they are social centers for travelers from around the world. Hostels offer dormitory-style rooms and private options, often with shared kitchens, lively common areas, and organized tours and social events. They are an excellent choice for solo travelers or those on a tight budget who want to meet fellow adventurers.

Best Neighborhoods for Your Stay

The location of your accommodation can significantly shape your experience in Cusco. The two most popular areas each offer a distinct feel. For more information on navigating the city, see our guide on getting around in Peru.

• Historic Center: Staying in or around the Plaza de Armas puts you at the heart of the action. You’ll be just steps away from the city’s main cathedrals, museums, top restaurants, and travel agencies. The area is constantly buzzing with energy, making it an incredibly convenient choice for first-time visitors who want easy access to everything.
• San Blas: A short, uphill walk from the Plaza de Armas, the San Blas neighborhood offers a quieter, more bohemian atmosphere. Known as the artisan’s quarter, its steep, narrow cobblestone streets are lined with workshops, galleries, and quaint cafes. It provides a more residential and peaceful vibe while still being within easy walking distance of the main sights.

What to Eat and Drink: A Taste of Cusco

Cusco’s culinary scene is a vibrant reflection of its history, blending ancient Andean ingredients with Spanish colonial influences and modern gastronomic techniques. The city is a food lover’s paradise, offering everything from hearty, traditional fare in bustling markets to sophisticated interpretations of Peruvian classics in elegant restaurants. Exploring the local cuisine is an essential part of the Cusco experience.

Must-Try Peruvian Dishes

The Andes are home to an incredible diversity of ingredients, including thousands of potato varieties, corn, and grains like quinoa. This rich agricultural heritage forms the foundation of Cusco’s most iconic dishes.

• Lomo Saltado: A perfect example of Peru’s “Chifa” (Chinese-Peruvian) fusion cuisine. This beloved dish consists of tender strips of beef stir-fried with onions, tomatoes, and soy sauce, served with a unique combination of french fries and white rice.
• Aji de Gallina: A comforting and flavorful classic. It features shredded chicken in a creamy, mildly spicy sauce made from aji amarillo (yellow chili peppers), walnuts, and cheese, typically served over boiled potatoes and rice.
• Cuy al Horno: For the more adventurous palate, roasted guinea pig is a traditional Andean delicacy. Far from an everyday meal, cuy is a dish of cultural importance, typically reserved for celebrations and special occasions. It offers a unique taste of pre-colonial Andean culinary traditions.
• Alpaca Steak: A lean, tender, and flavorful alternative to beef, alpaca has been a staple in the Andes for centuries. It’s often grilled or pan-seared and served with local accompaniments like quinoa risotto or native potatoes.
• Rocoto Relleno: A dish with a kick, originally from the Arequipa region but popular in Cusco. It features a spicy rocoto pepper stuffed with a savory mixture of minced meat, onions, and spices, topped with cheese and baked until tender.

Local Beverages

From the national cocktail to ancient herbal remedies, Cusco’s drinks are as much a part of the culture as its food.

• Pisco Sour: No trip to Peru is complete without trying its national cocktail. This refreshing drink is made with Pisco (a grape brandy), fresh lime juice, simple syrup, and egg white, frothed to perfection and garnished with a dash of bitters.
• Coca Tea (Mate de Coca): You will be offered this simple, earthy herbal tea almost immediately upon arrival. Made from steeping whole coca leaves in hot water, it is the traditional local remedy for alleviating the symptoms of altitude sickness.
• Chicha Morada: A sweet and wonderfully refreshing non-alcoholic beverage. It’s made by boiling purple corn with pineapple rind, cinnamon, and cloves, then chilling it. You’ll find it served in restaurants and homes across the city.

Recommended Restaurants

Cusco caters to every budget and palate, offering a wide range of dining experiences that highlight the region’s incredible produce.

Fine Dining Experiences

For a special occasion, Cusco boasts several world-class restaurants where renowned chefs create innovative dishes based on traditional Andean ingredients. Often set in beautifully restored colonial mansions, these establishments offer tasting menus that provide a sophisticated journey through Peruvian flavors.

Casual Eateries and “Picanterías”

To experience authentic, everyday Cusqueñan food, seek out the city’s many casual eateries and traditional picanterías. These family-run establishments serve generous portions of regional specialties at affordable prices. The area around the San Pedro Market is an excellent place to find delicious, no-frills local cooking.

Vegetarian and Vegan Options

Thanks to the abundance of fresh vegetables, potatoes, and grains, Cusco is exceptionally friendly to vegetarian and vegan travelers. A growing number of restaurants are dedicated to plant-based cuisine, offering creative and satisfying dishes that prove Peruvian food can be enjoyed by everyone.

Practical Tips for Your Trip

Money and Currency

Navigating the financial landscape in Cusco is straightforward once you understand the basics. The official currency of Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN), often indicated by the symbol S/. While some larger hotels and tour agencies may accept U.S. dollars, it is always more practical and economical to use the local currency for daily expenses like meals, souvenirs, and taxis. Understanding the budget to visit Peru will help you plan your spending.

• Using the Sol: It’s wise to carry a mix of cash, including smaller bills and coins, as many small shops, market vendors, and taxi drivers may not have change for large notes. Breaking a large bill at a bank or a supermarket upon arrival is a good strategy.
• ATMs and Credit Cards: ATMs (cajeros automáticos) are widely available throughout Cusco’s Historic Center and are the easiest way to withdraw Sols. Most will dispense both USD and PEN. Major credit cards like Visa and Mastercard are accepted at mid-range to high-end hotels, restaurants, and larger stores. However, always have cash on hand for smaller establishments. Remember to inform your bank of your travel dates to avoid any issues with your cards.
• Tipping Etiquette: Tipping (propina) is not obligatory in Peru but is greatly appreciated for good service. In restaurants, a tip of around 10% of the bill is customary. For tour guides, tipping is standard practice; the amount can vary based on the duration and quality of the tour. A small tip for hotel porters and housekeeping staff is also a kind gesture.

Health and Safety

Cusco is a generally safe destination for travelers, but like any popular city, it requires awareness and common sense. The primary health concern for most visitors is the altitude, but a few simple precautions can ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip. For more information on health, see our vaccination and health requirements to visit Peru.

• General Safety Precautions: Be mindful of your belongings in crowded areas such as the San Pedro Market, Plaza de Armas, and on public transport to prevent pickpocketing. Avoid displaying expensive jewelry or large amounts of cash. At night, it’s advisable to use official taxis or reputable ride-sharing apps rather than walking alone in unfamiliar areas. For more on staying safe, read our guide on safety in Peru.
• Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance is highly recommended. Ensure your policy covers medical emergencies, including evacuation, as well as trip cancellations and theft. If you plan on trekking or engaging in adventure sports, verify that your insurance includes high-altitude activities.
• Drinking Water Safety: Do not drink the tap water in Cusco. Always opt for bottled or filtered water. Most hotels and hostels provide safe drinking water for guests to refill their bottles. Be cautious with ice in drinks and uncooked foods like salads unless you are in a reputable tourist-focused restaurant where they use purified water.

Packing Essentials

Packing for Cusco is all about preparing for variety. The high-altitude Andean climate means you can experience four seasons in a single day, from intense sun to chilly winds. Smart layering is the key to staying comfortable. Be sure to check the weather and climate in Peru before you pack.

• Layered Clothing: Your wardrobe should include a base of t-shirts and long-sleeved shirts, a warm mid-layer like a fleece or sweater, and a waterproof and windproof outer jacket. Trousers or hiking pants are more practical than shorts. You’ll be grateful for a warm hat, gloves, and a scarf during the cold evenings and early mornings.
• Sun Protection: The sun at high altitude is incredibly strong, even on cloudy days. A wide-brimmed hat, UV-blocking sunglasses, and a high-SPF sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) are non-negotiable items to protect your skin from sunburn.
• Comfortable Footwear: You will be doing a lot of walking on uneven cobblestone streets. A pair of comfortable, well-broken-in walking shoes is essential. If your itinerary includes treks like the Rainbow Mountain or the Inca Trail, bring sturdy, waterproof hiking boots with good ankle support. For more trekking options, see our guide to the best hikes in Peru.
• Basic First-Aid Kit: Pack a small kit with essentials such as pain relievers, antiseptic wipes, bandages, blister treatment, and any personal medications. It’s also wise to include medication for stomach issues and any altitude sickness remedies you’ve discussed with your doctor.

The Boleto Turístico del Cusco (BTC)

The Boleto Turístico del Cusco, or Cusco Tourist Ticket, is a single pass that grants you access to many of the most significant historical and cultural sites in and around the city and the Sacred Valley. For most visitors, purchasing one is both convenient and cost-effective. Consider how this fits into your overall travel itinerary ideas for Peru.

• What it Covers: The ticket includes entry to 16 sites, such as the major Inca ruins of Sacsayhuamán, Q’enqo, Puka Pukara, Tambomachay, Pisac, Ollantaytambo, Chinchero, and Moray. It also covers several museums and monuments within Cusco. Note that it does not include entry to Machu Picchu, the Maras Salt Mines, the Cusco Cathedral, or Qorikancha.
• Types of Tickets: You can choose between a full ticket or partial circuit tickets.
  • The Full Tourist Ticket (Boleto General) is valid for 10 days and covers all 16 sites. It offers the best value for those planning to explore the region thoroughly.
  • The Partial Circuit Tickets (Boletos Parciales) are for travelers with limited time. There are three options, each valid for one or two days and covering a specific group of sites (e.g., just the four ruins near Cusco, or just the main sites in the Sacred Valley).
• Where to Buy and if it’s Worth It: You can purchase the BTC at the main office on Avenida El Sol or directly at the entrance of many of the participating sites. Whether it’s worth it depends on your itinerary. If you plan to visit three or more of the major sites, such as Sacsayhuamán and a few locations in the Sacred Valley, the full or partial ticket will almost certainly save you money compared to buying individual entrance fees.