Iceland for photographers : a photography destination guide

Why Iceland Captivates Photographers

Unparalleled Diverse Landscapes

Iceland presents a concentration of geological marvels rarely found elsewhere. Within a relatively compact area, photographers encounter a startling variety of terrains: vast ice caps give way to volcanic deserts, geothermal fields steam amidst colourful rhyolite mountains, and dramatic coastlines feature black sand beaches, towering basalt columns, and deep fjords.

This constant interplay of fire and ice, of raw earth and powerful water, offers an almost inexhaustible canvas. Each region, indeed each turn in the road, can reveal a new spectacle, from thundering waterfalls to serene glacial lagoons, providing a dynamic and ever-changing subject for the lens.

The Magic of Icelandic Light

The quality of light in Iceland possesses a character all its own, profoundly shaped by its high-latitude position. During summer, the sun barely dips below the horizon, bathing the landscape in extended hours of soft, golden light—the famed Midnight Sun—which allows for prolonged photographic exploration.

Conversely, winter days are short, yet the low-angled sun can cast long, dramatic shadows and imbue scenes with a delicate, ethereal glow. At night, the darkness provides the stage for the mesmerising dance of the Aurora Borealis. This ever-shifting illumination interacts with Iceland’s textures and forms to create moments of pure photographic poetry.

Year-Round Photographic Opportunities

Iceland’s allure for photographers is not confined to a single season; rather, it transforms throughout the year, offering distinct palettes and subjects. Summer brings vibrant greens, the charming presence of puffins along the coasts, and the unique conditions of the Midnight Sun.

Autumn introduces a tapestry of russet and gold hues, often accompanied by the first appearances of the Northern Lights against a softer, more diffused daylight. Winter cloaks the land in snow, revealing the stark beauty of ice caves and offering prime viewing for the aurora. Spring, then, signifies a gentle reawakening, with melting ice, returning birdlife, and landscapes often less frequented by visitors.

Accessibility of Natural Wonders

A remarkable aspect of Iceland for photographers is the relative ease with which many of its most celebrated natural wonders can be reached. Numerous iconic waterfalls, geysers, and coastal features are situated conveniently near the main Ring Road, allowing for efficient travel and maximising shooting time.

This accessibility means that even a journey of modest duration can encompass a significant range of photographic experiences. While the remote Highlands present a more adventurous undertaking, requiring specific preparation and vehicles, a great many of Iceland’s treasures are readily available to those who come to capture its spirit.

Planning Your Icelandic Photo Expedition

A photographic journey to Iceland requires thoughtful preparation. The island’s dramatic elements, from its ever-changing weather to its diverse terrains, demand consideration for both your artistic vision and your practical needs. Careful planning ensures you can focus on capturing Iceland’s beauty, rather than contending with preventable issues.

Best Seasons for Photography

Iceland offers distinct photographic opportunities throughout the year, each season painting the landscape with a unique palette of light and conditions. Your choice of when to visit will significantly influence the type of images you can create.

Summer: Midnight Sun, Puffins, Lush Greens

From late May to late July, the midnight sun bathes Iceland in a continuous, soft golden light for extended periods, particularly during the “golden hours” that can last for several hours around sunset and sunrise. This is an ideal time for landscape photographers seeking ethereal light. The highlands open up, revealing vibrant green mosses and vegetation. Summer is also peak puffin season, with large colonies accessible, especially from May to early August. The weather is generally milder, though still unpredictable, and the days are long, allowing for ample shooting time.

Autumn: Fall Colors, Early Auroras, Softer Light

September and October usher in a tapestry of russet, gold, and brown hues as the vegetation turns. The light becomes softer and more angled, creating beautiful shadows and depth in landscapes. Crowds begin to thin compared to summer. Crucially, as the nights grow darker, the first opportunities to witness and photograph the Aurora Borealis emerge. While the weather can be more volatile, with increased chances of rain and wind, the dramatic skies can add to the photographic appeal.

Winter: Northern Lights, Ice Caves, Snowscapes

From November to March, Iceland transforms into a winter wonderland. This is the prime season for photographing the Northern Lights, with long, dark nights providing the perfect canvas. It’s also the only time to safely explore the mesmerizing natural ice caves, typically accessible from mid-November to mid-March with a certified guide. Snow-covered landscapes offer stark, minimalist compositions, and the low-angled sun, when it appears, casts long, dramatic shadows. Be prepared for challenging conditions, including cold temperatures, strong winds, and limited daylight hours.

Spring: Awakening Landscapes, Fewer Crowds, Returning Birds

April and May mark a period of transition. Snow begins to melt, revealing the awakening landscapes beneath. Waterfalls swell with meltwater, and the first signs of green return. Migratory birds, including puffins towards the end of spring, start to arrive. Daylight hours increase rapidly. This season can offer a good balance of winter’s remnants and summer’s promise, often with fewer visitors than peak summer or winter aurora seasons. The weather remains highly variable, with potential for sunshine, rain, and even late-season snow.

Essential Photography Gear

Selecting the right equipment is crucial for making the most of Iceland’s photographic potential, while also ensuring your gear can withstand its often challenging conditions.

Camera Bodies and Lenses

A reliable camera system that you are comfortable with is paramount. Full-frame cameras are often favored for their low-light performance (especially for auroras) and dynamic range, but modern APS-C and Micro Four Thirds cameras can also yield excellent results. Consider bringing a backup body if possible, as repairs or replacements in Iceland can be difficult and time-consuming.

Wide-Angle Lenses (Landscapes, Aurora)

A wide-angle lens (e.g., 14-24mm, 16-35mm on full-frame, or equivalent) is indispensable for capturing Iceland’s vast landscapes, sweeping coastlines, and the expansive Aurora Borealis. A fast aperture (f/2.8 or wider) is particularly beneficial for night photography and auroras, allowing more light to reach the sensor and keeping ISO values lower.

Mid-Range Zooms (Versatility)

A versatile mid-range zoom lens (e.g., 24-70mm or 24-105mm on full-frame) offers flexibility for a variety of subjects, from broader landscapes to more detailed scenes, and even environmental portraits. This lens often becomes the workhorse for many photographers due to its convenient focal range.

Telephoto Lenses (Wildlife, Compressed Landscapes)

A telephoto lens (e.g., 70-200mm, 100-400mm) is essential for wildlife photography, such as puffins, reindeer, or Icelandic horses from a respectful distance. It’s also highly effective for landscape photography, allowing you to isolate distant subjects, compress perspectives, and highlight details in mountains or coastlines.

Tripods and Filters

These accessories are not merely optional but fundamental for achieving high-quality images in Icelandic conditions.

Sturdy Tripod (Wind, Long Exposures)

Iceland is notoriously windy. A robust, stable tripod is absolutely essential to prevent camera shake, especially for long exposures required for waterfalls, auroras, or low-light situations. Avoid lightweight, flimsy models; invest in one that can handle strong gusts. A tripod with a ball head offers quick and flexible composition adjustments.

Neutral Density (ND) Filters

ND filters reduce the amount of light entering the lens, allowing for longer shutter speeds even in daylight. This is key for creating the popular silky smooth effect in waterfalls and rivers, or for blurring clouds. A set of ND filters (e.g., 3-stop, 6-stop, 10-stop) provides versatility for different lighting conditions and desired effects.

Graduated ND Filters

Graduated ND filters are darker on one end and clear on the other, helping to balance exposure in scenes with a bright sky and a darker foreground – a common scenario in landscape photography. They come in soft-edge and hard-edge varieties for different types of horizons.

Polarizing Filters

A circular polarizing filter (CPL) is invaluable for managing reflections on water or wet surfaces, enhancing blue skies, and increasing color saturation, particularly in foliage. It can significantly improve the vibrancy and clarity of your images, especially on overcast days or when photographing water features.

Drones (and Regulations)

Drones can offer breathtaking aerial perspectives of Iceland’s landscapes. However, their use is strictly regulated. Familiarize yourself with the Icelandic Transport Authority’s rules regarding drone operation, including no-fly zones (national parks, near airports, populated areas), altitude limits, and respect for wildlife and privacy. Always fly responsibly and be mindful of other visitors.

Batteries and Power Solutions

Cold temperatures drain batteries quickly. Bring multiple spare batteries for your camera and drone, and keep them warm (e.g., in an inside pocket) when not in use. A portable power bank can be useful for recharging batteries or other devices on the go, especially if you’re camping or spending long days out shooting. Consider a car inverter if you’ll be driving extensively.

Weather Protection for Gear

Protecting your equipment from Iceland’s harsh weather – rain, snow, sleet, mist, and volcanic ash – is critical. Use weather-sealed camera bodies and lenses if possible. If not, invest in good quality rain covers for your camera and lens. Carry lens cloths and a blower to keep your lenses clean and dry. Waterproof camera bags or backpacks are also highly recommended.

Essential Non-Photography Gear

Beyond your camera equipment, personal comfort and safety are paramount for a successful photographic expedition in Iceland. The right non-photography gear will allow you to focus on your craft, even when conditions are challenging.

Layered Clothing System

The key to staying comfortable in Iceland’s changeable weather is layering. This allows you to adapt to fluctuating temperatures and activity levels.

• Base Layer: Moisture-wicking material (merino wool or synthetics) to draw sweat away from your skin.
• Mid Layer: Insulating layer (fleece or down jacket) to trap body heat.
• Outer Layer: Waterproof and windproof shell to protect against the elements.

Avoid cotton, as it absorbs moisture and stays wet, making you cold.

Waterproof and Windproof Outerwear

A high-quality, breathable waterproof and windproof jacket and trousers are non-negotiable. Icelandic weather can change rapidly, and staying dry and protected from wind chill is crucial for both comfort and safety. Look for gear with sealed seams and durable water repellent (DWR) coatings.

Sturdy Waterproof Hiking Boots

You will likely be walking over uneven, wet, and sometimes slippery terrain. Sturdy, waterproof hiking boots with good ankle support and grip are essential. Ensure they are well broken-in before your trip to prevent blisters. Consider pairing them with wool hiking socks for warmth and cushioning.

Headlamps and Safety Gear

A headlamp is indispensable, especially if you plan to shoot auroras, sunrises, sunsets, or explore ice caves. It keeps your hands free for operating your camera. Also consider carrying a basic first-aid kit, a multi-tool, a compass or GPS device (and know how to use it if venturing off-trail), and a fully charged mobile phone. For winter travel, emergency thermal blankets can be a lifesaver.

Logistics: Travel and Accommodation

Navigating Iceland and finding suitable places to stay requires some forethought, particularly given the country’s popularity and seasonal demands.

Renting a Vehicle

Renting a vehicle offers the most flexibility for exploring Iceland’s photographic locations at your own pace. Public transport is limited outside of Reykjavík.

2WD vs. 4×4 Considerations (F-roads)

A standard 2WD vehicle is generally sufficient for travel along the Ring Road (Route 1) and most paved or well-maintained gravel roads, especially during summer. However, if you plan to access the Highlands via F-roads (mountain roads, typically open only from late June/July to September/October), a 4×4 vehicle is legally required and absolutely necessary. These roads are unpaved, rugged, and may involve river crossings. Always check road conditions on road.is before setting out.

Insurance Options

Icelandic car rental typically includes basic Collision Damage Waiver (CDW). However, consider additional insurance for gravel protection (GP), sand and ash protection (SAAP – highly recommended, especially on the South Coast), and theft protection (TP). Super Collision Damage Waiver (SCDW) can reduce your self-risk liability. Understand what each policy covers before purchasing.

Accommodation Types

Iceland offers a range of accommodation to suit different preferences and budgets.

Campervans: Flexibility and Access

Campervans provide immense flexibility, allowing you to follow the light and weather, and stay close to photography locations. Many campsites are available, though wild camping is heavily restricted and generally not permitted. Campervans often come equipped with sleeping and basic cooking facilities. They are particularly popular from spring to autumn.

Guesthouses, Hotels, and Hostels

From charming guesthouses and farm stays to comfortable hotels and budget-friendly hostels, there are options across the country. Guesthouses often offer a more personal experience and local insights. Hotels provide more amenities, while hostels are great for solo travelers or those on a tighter budget. Quality and availability vary, especially outside urban areas.

Booking in Advance (Especially Peak Season)

It is highly advisable to book rental vehicles and accommodation well in advance, particularly if traveling during peak seasons (summer and the main aurora viewing period in winter). Popular locations and unique stays can get fully booked many months ahead. Last-minute options can be scarce and more expensive.

Permits and Regulations

Understanding and respecting local rules is crucial for responsible photography in Iceland, ensuring the preservation of its natural beauty and maintaining access for future visitors.

National Parks and Protected Areas

Iceland has several national parks (e.g., Vatnajökull National Park, Þingvellir National Park, Snæfellsjökull National Park) and numerous protected areas. Specific rules apply within these zones regarding access, camping, drone use, and sometimes commercial photography. Always check the specific regulations for any protected area you plan to visit. Information is usually available on park websites or at visitor centres.

Private Land Access

Much of Iceland’s land is privately owned, even if it appears wild and unfenced. Always seek permission from the landowner before entering private property, parking, or camping. Respect “No Trespassing” signs. Driving off-road is strictly illegal and causes significant, long-lasting damage to fragile vegetation and soil; always stay on marked roads and tracks.

Drone Rules and No-Fly Zones

As mentioned earlier, drone operation is subject to specific regulations by the Icelandic Transport Authority (ICETRA). Key rules include:

• Maintaining visual line of sight.
• Not flying over crowds of people.
• Respecting privacy.
• Adhering to altitude limits (typically 120 meters/400 feet above ground level).
• No-fly zones include airports, government buildings, and often within national parks or specific nature reserves unless explicit permission is granted. Some popular tourist sites may also have local restrictions.

Always check the latest regulations before your trip and fly with consideration for wildlife and other people’s experience.

Iconic Icelandic Photography Regions & Locations

Iceland’s compact size belies an astonishing variety of landscapes, each region offering distinct photographic narratives. From the accessible wonders of the South Coast to the remote wilderness of the Highlands, a photographic journey through Iceland is a continuous discovery. Understanding the character of each region will help you tailor your itinerary to your photographic interests.

The South Coast: Waterfalls, Black Sand Beaches, Glaciers

The South Coast is arguably Iceland’s most frequented photographic route, and for good reason. It presents a condensed showcase of the country’s dramatic natural features, easily accessible from the Ring Road. Here, powerful waterfalls cascade near volcanic beaches, and glacial tongues extend almost to the sea, offering an abundance of subjects within relatively short distances.

Seljalandsfoss & Gljúfrabúi

Seljalandsfoss is renowned for the path that allows visitors to walk behind its curtain of water, offering a unique perspective, especially at sunrise or sunset. Be prepared for spray, and protect your equipment accordingly. A short walk away, Gljúfrabúi is a “hidden” waterfall, partially obscured by a cliff face, requiring a wade through a shallow stream to fully appreciate. Its enclosed nature creates a mystical atmosphere, though low light can be a challenge.

Skógafoss Waterfall

Skógafoss is a classically beautiful and powerful waterfall, dropping 60 meters with impressive width. A staircase alongside allows for views from the top, looking down over the cascade and out to the coast. On sunny days, the mist frequently generates single or double rainbows. Its base offers opportunities to capture its sheer scale, while longer exposures can emphasize the water’s texture.

Dyrhólaey Arch and Lighthouse

Dyrhólaey is a small peninsula famed for its massive rock arch extending into the sea. It’s also a prime location for observing puffins during the summer nesting season (access may be restricted during certain periods to protect wildlife). The historic lighthouse atop the cliffs provides a focal point, and the panoramic views extend over black sand beaches to the east and west. A telephoto lens is useful for birdlife and distant details.

Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach & Basalt Columns

Reynisfjara is one of Iceland’s most iconic and dramatic black sand beaches. It features the striking Reynisdrangar sea stacks rising from the ocean, impressive basalt column formations (Gardar), and a large cave with basalt formations. Photographers are drawn to the textures, geometric patterns, and the raw power of the North Atlantic. However, extreme caution is paramount due to powerful and unpredictable “sneaker waves.”

Vík í Mýrdal

The charming village of Vík í Mýrdal, often referred to simply as Vík, is the southernmost village in Iceland. Its red-roofed church, perched on a hill, offers a classic photographic composition with the Reynisdrangar sea stacks in the background. The village itself serves as a convenient base for exploring the surrounding South Coast attractions.

Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon

Fjaðrárgljúfur is an ancient and majestic canyon, characterized by its steep, undulating walls and the Fjaðrá river meandering through its base. Viewpoints along its eastern rim provide breathtaking perspectives. The canyon’s serpentine form offers excellent opportunities for compositions using leading lines. Its delicate vegetation requires visitors to stay on marked paths.

Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon

Jökulsárlón is a stunning glacial lagoon where icebergs calve from the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier (an outlet of Vatnajökull) and float out to sea. The ever-changing landscape of ice, often in hues of blue, white, and black (volcanic ash), provides endless photographic possibilities. Seals are frequently seen swimming among the ice or resting on floes. Long exposures can smooth the water and highlight the movement of the ice.

Diamond Beach (Breiðamerkursandur)

Adjacent to Jökulsárlón, on the black volcanic sand of Breiðamerkursandur, icebergs that have drifted out to sea are often washed ashore. These glistening fragments of ice, resembling diamonds scattered on black velvet, create a magical scene, particularly at sunrise and sunset when the light interacts with the translucent ice. Macro and wide-angle perspectives both work well here.

Vestrahorn & Stokksnes Peninsula

The Vestrahorn mountain, with its dramatic jagged peaks, rises majestically from the Stokksnes peninsula. The black sand beach, often with shallow water providing reflections, and undulating dunes in the foreground, make this a highly sought-after photographic location. The light conditions here can change rapidly, offering diverse moods from ethereal to imposing. A small land access fee is typically required.

The Golden Circle: Geothermal Wonders & Historic Sites

The Golden Circle is Iceland’s most popular tourist route, comprising three main attractions: Þingvellir National Park, the Geysir geothermal area, and Gullfoss waterfall. Its proximity to Reykjavík makes it an accessible introduction to Iceland’s geological activity and historical significance, offering rewarding photographic opportunities despite the crowds.

Þingvellir National Park (Continental Rift, Öxarárfoss)

Þingvellir holds immense historical and geological importance. It is the site of Iceland’s ancient parliament, Alþingi, established in 930 AD. Geologically, it sits in a rift valley caused by the separating North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. Photographically, the rift walls, fissures like Almannagjá, and the Öxarárfoss waterfall (which flows into the rift) are key subjects. The textures of the rock and the sense of geological drama are compelling.

Geysir Geothermal Area (Strokkur)

This area is home to “Geysir,” the geyser from which all others derive their name, though it is largely dormant now. Its neighbour, Strokkur, erupts spectacularly every few minutes, shooting hot water up to 20-30 meters high. The area also features bubbling mud pools, fumaroles, and colorful mineral deposits. Capturing Strokkur’s eruption requires anticipation and often burst mode. The vibrant colours and steam offer abstract possibilities.

Gullfoss Waterfall

Gullfoss, the “Golden Falls,” is a magnificent two-tiered waterfall on the Hvítá river. The water plunges into a deep canyon, creating impressive spray and, often, rainbows on sunny days. Various viewpoints allow for different perspectives of its grandeur. Long exposures can convey the power and flow of the water, while faster shutter speeds freeze the dramatic cascade.

Snæfellsnes Peninsula: “Iceland in Miniature”

Often described as “Iceland in Miniature,” the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in West Iceland packs a remarkable diversity of landscapes into a relatively small area. From the iconic Kirkjufell mountain to dramatic coastal cliffs, black sand beaches, and charming fishing villages, all under the shadow of the Snæfellsjökull glacier-volcano, it offers a rich photographic tapestry.

Kirkjufell Mountain & Kirkjufellsfoss Waterfall

Kirkjufell, the “Church Mountain,” is one of Iceland’s most photographed landmarks. Its distinctively shaped peak, combined with the nearby Kirkjufellsfoss waterfall in the foreground, creates a classic Icelandic composition. The scene is captivating in all seasons and under various light conditions, from the midnight sun to the aurora borealis.

Búðir Black Church

The small, isolated black church at Búðir, set against a backdrop of lava fields and the coast, is a striking example of minimalist beauty. Its stark simplicity and dramatic setting make it a compelling subject. The contrast of the black structure against the often moody Icelandic sky or the subtle colours of the landscape offers numerous compositional possibilities.

Arnarstapi & Hellnar Coastal Cliffs

The coastline between the small fishing villages of Arnarstapi and Hellnar is characterized by dramatic basalt cliffs, sea stacks, caves, and natural arches like Gatklettur. A scenic walking path connects the two villages, offering numerous vantage points. This area is rich in birdlife during summer and provides excellent opportunities for coastal textures and formations.

Lóndrangar Basalt Pinnacles

Lóndrangar are a pair of imposing basalt sea stacks, remnants of an ancient crater, that rise dramatically from the coastline. They can be viewed from various points, including a dedicated viewpoint or from the coastal path near Hellnar. Their stark silhouettes against the sea or sky are particularly striking, especially in dramatic light.

Djúpalónssandur

Photographing Iceland’s Special Phenomena

Iceland presents a theatre of natural spectacles, phenomena that transform the landscape into a canvas of ephemeral artistry. For the photographer, these events are not merely subjects but invitations to witness and interpret the raw power and delicate beauty of the Earth. Understanding these phenomena and how to approach them photographically is key to capturing their essence.

Capturing the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)

The dance of the Aurora Borealis across the Icelandic night sky is an experience that many photographers dream of capturing. This celestial ballet of light requires patience, preparation, and a touch of luck.

Best Time of Year and Night

The Northern Lights are most reliably visible from late September to late March. During these months, the nights are long and dark enough for the aurora to shine. While they can appear at any time during the dark hours, the period between 10 PM and 3 AM often yields the most intense displays. Clear, dark skies away from city light pollution are essential.

Understanding Space Weather Forecasts

Aurora activity is driven by solar winds. Several websites and apps provide aurora forecasts, typically measuring activity on a Kp-index scale (0-9). A Kp-index of 3 or higher can offer good viewing opportunities in Iceland, though even lower Kp values can result in visible auroras if conditions are right. Also, monitor cloud cover forecasts, as clear skies are paramount.

Camera Settings and Techniques

Photographing the aurora generally involves long exposures. Start with these settings and adjust as needed:

• Mode: Manual (M)
• Aperture: Wide open (e.g., f/1.8 – f/4)
• ISO: 800 – 3200, depending on your camera’s capabilities and the aurora’s brightness.
• Shutter Speed: 5 to 25 seconds. Faster auroras require shorter exposures to capture detail; fainter ones may need longer.
• Focus: Manual focus set to infinity. Use live view to magnify a distant star or light and achieve sharp focus.
• White Balance: Auto can work, but a Kelvin setting between 3500K and 4500K often yields pleasing results. Shoot in RAW to adjust later.
• Other: Use a sturdy tripod, a remote shutter release or self-timer to avoid camera shake. Turn off image stabilization.

Composition with Foreground Elements

While the aurora itself is spectacular, including compelling foreground elements can elevate your images. Consider Icelandic landscapes – mountains, waterfalls, isolated churches, or unique rock formations – to add context and scale. Light painting can subtly illuminate foregrounds during long exposures, but use it judiciously.

Shooting Under the Midnight Sun

During the summer months, roughly from late May to late July, Iceland experiences the phenomenon of the Midnight Sun, where the sun does not fully set below the horizon.

Extended Golden Hours

The Midnight Sun provides photographers with prolonged periods of soft, warm light, akin to an extended “golden hour.” This magical light can last for several hours around midnight, offering ample time to explore and compose shots without the harsh midday sun.

Unique Light and Shadow Play

The low angle of the sun creates long, dramatic shadows and highlights textures in the landscape in a unique way. This can be particularly effective for revealing the contours of mountains, lava fields, and coastlines, adding depth and dimension to your photographs.

Planning for Late-Night Shoots

Shooting under the Midnight Sun requires adjusting your schedule. You might find yourself scouting locations during the “day” and returning for the best light late in the evening or in the very early morning hours. Ensure you get adequate rest, as it can be disorienting to be active when your body expects to sleep.

Exploring and Photographing Ice Caves

Iceland’s glaciers hide a world of breathtaking blue ice caves, a truly unique photographic subject. Access to these natural wonders is typically limited to the winter months (November to March) when temperatures are consistently low enough for them to be stable.

Natural vs. Man-Made Ice Caves

Most accessible ice caves are natural meltwater channels that form within glaciers. Their shapes, sizes, and accessibility change annually. Some “ice caves” might be man-made tunnels into the glacier, offering a different but still impressive experience. Natural caves often provide more intricate formations and colours.

Importance of Guided Tours for Safety

Entering an ice cave without an experienced, certified glacier guide is extremely dangerous and strongly discouraged. Glaciers are dynamic environments, and ice caves can be unstable. Guides are trained to assess safety, provide necessary equipment (helmets, crampons), and know the current conditions of accessible caves.

Challenges: Low Light, Cold, Condensation

Photographing inside ice caves presents several challenges. Low light necessitates long exposures and a tripod. The cold can drain batteries quickly, so bring spares and keep them warm. Condensation can form on lenses when moving from the cold cave exterior to the relatively warmer interior of your camera bag or vehicle; allow gear to acclimatize.

Capturing Ice Textures and Colors

The allure of ice caves lies in their incredible blue hues and intricate ice textures. Use a wide-angle lens to capture the scale and grandeur. Focus on the way light filters through the ice, creating luminous blues and subtle patterns. Experiment with different compositions, from grand scenics to detailed abstracts.

Glaciers and Icebergs: A Study in Blue and White

Iceland’s glaciers and the icebergs they calve are powerful subjects, offering a palette of blues, whites, and greys, and textures ranging from smooth and polished to rough and crystalline.

Scale, Texture, and Patterns

Attempt to convey the immense scale of glaciers by including elements that provide perspective, such as people or distant mountains. Icebergs, whether in glacier lagoons like Jökulsárlón or washed ashore on Diamond Beach, offer endless opportunities to photograph abstract patterns, trapped air bubbles, and the interplay of light and ice.

Safety Precautions Near Glaciers and Lagoons

Maintain a safe distance from glacier edges and lagoon shores. Glaciers can calve unexpectedly, creating large waves. Icebergs can roll or break apart without warning. Never walk on floating icebergs. Be aware of sneaker waves on beaches where icebergs wash ashore.

Ethical Considerations (Glacier Hikes, Tours)

When participating in glacier hikes or boat tours, choose reputable operators who prioritize safety and environmental respect. These activities offer unique perspectives but always follow your guide’s instructions and stay on marked paths to minimize impact on these fragile environments.

Volcanic Landscapes: Fire and Ice Intertwined

Iceland’s volcanic origins are evident everywhere, from vast lava fields and towering craters to steaming geothermal vents. This is where the forces of fire and ice meet and shape the land.

Recent Eruption Sites (When Accessible & Safe)

Iceland experiences periodic volcanic eruptions. If an eruption occurs and authorities deem an area safe for access, it can offer unparalleled photographic opportunities. However, conditions can change rapidly, and official guidance must always be followed. Photographing active lava flows requires extreme caution and respect for the power of nature.

Lava Fields (Old and New)

Ancient lava fields, often covered in vibrant moss, tell stories of past eruptions and create intricate, textured landscapes. Newer lava fields, stark and black, showcase the raw, formative power of volcanic activity. Both offer strong compositional elements.

Craters and Geothermal Vents

Explore volcanic craters for dramatic perspectives and colourful mineral deposits. Geothermal areas, with their steaming fumaroles, bubbling mud pots, and vibrant sulphur stains, provide a glimpse into the Earth’s inner heat and create otherworldly scenes.

Contrasting Colors and Textures

Volcanic landscapes are rich in contrasts: the black of solidified lava against green moss or white snow, the smooth curves of old craters versus the jagged edges of new flows, and the vibrant colours of geothermal minerals against muted earth tones. Seek out these contrasts to create visually compelling images.

Waterfalls: Power, Grace, and Mist

Iceland is renowned for its countless waterfalls, each with its own character, from thundering giants to delicate cascades. They are a quintessential subject for any photographer visiting the island.

Techniques for Silky Smooth Water (Long Exposure)

To create the classic “silky water” effect, use a long exposure (typically 0.5 seconds to 30 seconds or more). This requires a tripod to keep the camera steady. Neutral Density (ND) filters are often necessary during daylight hours to reduce the amount of light entering the lens, allowing for longer shutter speeds without overexposing the image.

Freezing Motion (Fast Shutter Speed)

Alternatively, use a fast shutter speed (e.g., 1/250s or faster) to freeze the motion of the water, capturing the raw power and individual droplets. This technique can convey a different sense of energy and dynamism.

Incorporating Scale and Surroundings

Icelandic waterfalls are often set within dramatic landscapes. Include surrounding cliffs, vegetation, or even people (from a safe distance) to provide a sense of scale and context. Consider different viewpoints – from below, from the side, or even from behind certain falls where paths permit.

Icelandic Wildlife Photography

While Iceland’s landscapes are the primary draw for many, its unique wildlife offers rewarding photographic opportunities, though often requiring patience and respect.

Puffins (Seasonal: May-August)

These charismatic seabirds are a delight to photograph during their summer breeding season. They are known for their colourful beaks and somewhat comical appearance.

Best Locations (Látrabjarg, Dyrhólaey, Borgarfjörður Eystri)

Prime locations for puffin viewing include the Látrabjarg cliffs in the Westfjords (Europe’s largest bird cliff), Dyrhólaey on the South Coast, and Borgarfjörður Eystri in the Eastfjords. These sites offer relatively close and safe viewing opportunities.

Ethical Approach to Bird Photography

Always maintain a respectful distance from puffins and their burrows. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises that could disturb them. Never use flash photography. Stay on marked paths to protect their nesting habitat. The welfare of the birds should always be your primary concern.

Icelandic Horses

The iconic Icelandic horse is a hardy and beautiful breed, found throughout the countryside. They are known for their unique gait, the tölt.

Finding

Photography Techniques & Tips for Iceland

Capturing the essence of Iceland through your lens requires more than just pointing and shooting. The island’s dynamic conditions and grand-scale beauty call for a thoughtful approach to photography. This section delves into techniques and tips to help you master the art of Icelandic photography, from managing the unpredictable weather to ethically post-processing your images.

Mastering Icelandic Weather Conditions

Icelandic weather is a character in itself – often unpredictable, frequently challenging, but also capable of producing moments of breathtaking beauty. Preparedness and adaptability are your greatest allies.

Protecting Yourself and Your Gear from Wind, Rain, Snow

Your comfort and the safety of your equipment are paramount. For yourself, a layered clothing system is indispensable, allowing you to adapt to fluctuating temperatures. A waterproof and windproof outer shell is non-negotiable. Ensure your hands and head are well-protected, as these are often the first to feel the cold.

For your camera gear:

• Rain Covers: A dedicated rain cover for your camera and lens is essential. Even weather-sealed gear benefits from extra protection during prolonged exposure to rain or heavy mist.
• Lens Hoods: Besides reducing flare, lens hoods offer a degree of protection from light rain and snow hitting the front element.
• Microfiber Cloths: Keep several dry microfiber cloths handy to wipe down your lens and camera body.
• Dry Bag: Consider carrying a dry bag within your camera backpack for an additional layer of protection, especially during boat trips or near powerful waterfalls.
• Drying Routine: After shooting in wet or cold conditions, allow your gear to acclimatize slowly indoors to prevent condensation. Remove batteries and memory cards, and open compartments if safe to do so, allowing air to circulate.

Adapting Shooting Plans to Changing Weather

Flexibility is a cornerstone of successful photography in Iceland. Weather forecasts, while useful (check vedur.is regularly), can change rapidly. What might be a sunny morning can turn into a windswept afternoon.

• Have Backup Plans: For every primary location, consider alternative spots nearby that might be more sheltered or offer different photographic opportunities if the weather turns.
• Be Patient: Sometimes, waiting out a shower or a patch of fog for 30 minutes can reveal a completely transformed scene.
• Embrace Imperfection: Not every day will offer perfect light. Learn to work with the conditions you’re given.
• Prioritize Safety: Never venture into dangerous conditions for a photograph. Roads can close, and trails can become treacherous.

Using Weather to Your Advantage (Dramatic Skies)

While challenging, Icelandic weather can be a powerful creative tool. Stormy skies, clearing mists, and the ethereal light that follows a downpour can lead to exceptionally dramatic and evocative images.

• Dramatic Clouds: Look for dynamic cloud formations, which add texture and mood to landscape shots. Long exposures can accentuate their movement.
• Mist and Fog: These conditions can simplify a scene, add mystery, and highlight layers in the landscape.
• Rainbows: Iceland frequently offers opportunities for rainbow photography, especially near waterfalls or after a rain shower when the sun reappears. Be ready with your polarizing filter to enhance their vibrancy.
• Golden Hour Surprises: Even on overcast days, the sun can break through near sunrise or sunset, painting the clouds with intense color.

Landscape Composition in Iceland

Iceland’s landscapes are often vast and imposing. Effective composition is key to translating their grandeur into compelling two-dimensional images.

Leading Lines, Rule of Thirds, Golden Ratio

These classical compositional principles are highly effective in Icelandic settings:

• Leading Lines: Utilize roads, rivers, coastlines, lava formations, or even fence lines to draw the viewer’s eye into the scene and towards your main subject.
• Rule of Thirds: Imagine your frame divided into nine equal segments by two horizontal and two vertical lines. Placing key elements along these lines or at their intersections often creates a more balanced and engaging composition than centering the subject.
• Golden Ratio: A more complex but aesthetically pleasing compositional guide, the golden ratio can help in placing elements in a harmonious way.

Foreground, Midground, Background Elements

Creating a sense of depth is crucial in landscape photography. Consciously include elements in these three planes:

• Foreground: Interesting rocks, ice formations, wildflowers, or textures close to the camera can anchor the image and provide an entry point for the viewer.
• Midground: This area connects the foreground to the background and often contains the primary subject or elements that lead to it.
• Background: Typically distant mountains, the horizon, or dramatic skies, providing context and scale.

Conveying Scale and Depth

Iceland’s landscapes can be so immense that their scale is difficult to capture. Techniques to help include:

• Wide-Angle Lenses: These can exaggerate perspective and make foreground elements appear larger, enhancing the sense of depth and distance to background elements.
• Atmospheric Perspective: Haze or mist in the distance can naturally create layers and convey depth.
• Overlapping Elements: Arrange your composition so that landscape elements overlap, clearly showing their relative distances.

Using Human Elements for Scale

Including a person (or a recognizable object like a car or building, used judiciously) in a vast landscape can effectively communicate its immense scale. The human element should typically be small within the frame, serving as a reference point rather than the main subject, thereby emphasizing the grandeur of the surroundings.

Long Exposure Photography Techniques

Long exposure photography is a popular and effective technique in Iceland, particularly for capturing the movement of water, clouds, and the Aurora Borealis.

Waterfalls, Coastlines, Moving Clouds, Auroras

• Waterfalls: Shutter speeds from 0.5 seconds to several seconds can transform flowing water into a silky, ethereal blur.
• Coastlines: Capturing the ebb and flow of waves over rocks or black sand beaches with long exposures creates a misty, dreamlike effect.
• Moving Clouds: On windy days, exposures of 30 seconds or more can turn clouds into dynamic streaks across the sky.
• Auroras: Typically require exposures from a few seconds to 30 seconds, depending on their intensity and speed, to capture their light and form.

Use of ND Filters and Timers/Remotes

• Neutral Density (ND) Filters: These filters reduce the amount of light entering the lens, allowing for longer shutter speeds even in daylight. They come in various strengths (e.g., 3-stop, 6-stop, 10-stop).
• Graduated ND Filters: Useful for balancing exposure between a bright sky and a darker foreground.
• Timers/Remotes: A remote shutter release or using the camera’s self-timer (e.g., 2-second delay) is crucial to prevent camera shake when pressing the shutter button during long exposures.

Managing Wind and Vibration

Wind is a constant companion in Iceland and a significant challenge for long exposure photography.

• Sturdy Tripod: This is non-negotiable. Choose a tripod that is robust and stable.
• Weight Your Tripod: Many tripods have a hook on the center column where you can hang your camera bag to add weight and stability.
• Shield the Camera: Use your body or an umbrella (if manageable) to shield the camera from direct wind.
• Avoid Dangling Straps: Secure your camera strap so it doesn’t flap in the wind and cause vibrations.
• Mirror Lock-Up/Electronic Front-Curtain Shutter: For DSLR users, mirror lock-up can reduce internal vibrations. Mirrorless cameras often have an electronic front-curtain shutter option which serves a similar purpose.

Drone Photography: Rules and Best Practices

Drones can offer stunning aerial perspectives of Iceland’s landscapes. However, their use is subject to regulations and requires a responsible approach.

Understanding Icelandic Drone Laws

Drone regulations are managed by the Icelandic Transport Authority (Samgöngustofa). Key general rules often include maintaining visual line of sight, adhering to maximum altitude limits (typically 120 meters/394 feet above ground), and not flying over crowds of people. It is your responsibility to be fully aware of the current regulations before flying. Check the Samgöngustofa website for the latest information.

No-Fly Zones (National Parks, Airports, Populated

Beyond the Icons: Finding Unique Perspectives

Iceland’s celebrated landmarks offer undeniable photographic appeal, yet a truly distinctive portfolio often emerges from venturing beyond the familiar. Cultivating a more personal vision and seeking out less-trodden paths can lead to images that resonate with originality and offer a fresh perspective on this captivating island. This approach invites a deeper engagement with the landscape, revealing its subtle nuances as well as its grandeur.

Discovering Lesser-Known Gems

While the allure of Iceland’s iconic sites is strong, the country’s vast and varied terrain holds countless quieter, yet equally compelling, photographic opportunities. Unearthing these hidden gems requires a spirit of exploration and a willingness to deviate from the main tourist trails, but the rewards are images that carry a unique signature.

Exploring Side Roads and F-Roads (with appropriate vehicle)

The temptation to stick to the Ring Road is understandable, but Iceland’s network of secondary roads and, for the more adventurous, F-roads (mountain roads) can be gateways to remarkable discoveries. F-roads, accessible typically only in summer and requiring a 4×4 vehicle, penetrate the remote interior Highlands, offering access to landscapes of raw, untamed beauty. However, even less demanding gravel or paved side roads can lead to secluded waterfalls, dramatic, uncrowded coastal stretches, or charming, overlooked hamlets. Always consult current road conditions on official sources like road.is and ensure your vehicle is suited to the intended route, particularly for F-roads where river crossings may be encountered.

Researching Local Spots and Hiking Trails

To move beyond the most photographed locations, consider delving into resources that cater more to local knowledge. Regional tourism websites, detailed hiking guides, and even cartographic maps can reveal points of interest that don’t feature in mainstream itineraries. A short hike from a well-known viewpoint can often provide an entirely different angle or unveil a completely new subject. Engaging with local information can open doors to experiences and scenes missed by those who only follow the crowds.

Embracing Serendipity

While planning is crucial, some of the most memorable photographic moments arise from the unexpected. A sudden shift in weather, an unplanned detour prompted by curiosity, or a fleeting moment of unique light can yield extraordinary images. It is wise to build a degree of flexibility into your photographic itinerary, allowing space for spontaneous exploration. The willingness to embrace serendipity can transform a structured trip into a true adventure of discovery.

Focusing on Details, Patterns, and Textures

The grand scale of Icelandic landscapes is undeniably impressive, but a deeper appreciation can be found by also attuning your eye to the smaller, more intricate elements. The interplay of textures, patterns, and details offers a rich palette for photographers looking to capture the more subtle character of the land.

Abstract Compositions in Ice, Rock, Water

Iceland is a canvas shaped by powerful elemental forces, resulting in remarkable natural artistry. Consider the intricate details within glacial ice – the trapped air bubbles, the layers of compressed snow, the subtle blues and whites. Volcanic rock formations present a wealth of textures, from smooth, ropy pahoehoe lava to rough, jagged a’a. The movement of water, whether in swirling river currents, cascading falls, or coastal waves, can be rendered into captivating abstract forms. Moss clinging to ancient lava fields also provides a study in texture and colour. Experimenting with focal lengths, depth of field, and unconventional framing can reveal these hidden compositions.

Macro Photography Opportunities

The Icelandic environment, though often perceived as stark, supports a surprising array of resilient flora. Delicate arctic flowers, vibrant mosses, and intricate lichens offer fascinating subjects for macro photography. The fine details of volcanic sands, ice crystals forming on surfaces, or droplets of dew on plant life can become compelling images when viewed up close. Macro photography provides an avenue to find beauty and interest even when broader vistas are obscured by mist or challenging weather, offering a different scale of appreciation for Iceland’s natural world.

Telling a Story with Your Icelandic Portfolio

A collection of photographs from Iceland has the potential to be more than an assortment of scenic views; it can weave a narrative, convey the essence of the journey, and present a personal interpretation of this extraordinary place. Thinking thematically and considering the broader context can elevate your work.

Capturing the Journey, Not Just Destinations

While iconic locations are important, the story of your Icelandic experience often lies in the moments between these highlights. The winding roads through dramatic landscapes, the changing moods of the weather, quiet moments of reflection, or the challenges of navigating the terrain – these elements contribute to a richer, more personal narrative. Photographing these aspects of the journey can provide context and depth to your portfolio, making it more engaging and relatable.

Documenting Local Culture and Life (Respectfully)

Beyond the natural wonders, Iceland possesses a distinct and resilient culture. Photographing elements of local life – such as the colourful fishing villages, isolated farmsteads with their hardy livestock, or architectural details like traditional turf-roofed houses – can add a significant dimension to your visual story. It is paramount to approach such subjects with sensitivity and respect, always seeking permission before photographing individuals at close range. Aim to portray the culture authentically, avoiding clichés or intrusive perspectives.

Creating Thematic Series

Developing a thematic series can provide focus and coherence to your Icelandic photography. You might choose to explore a particular subject in depth, such as the diverse forms of Iceland’s waterfalls, the varied manifestations of its geothermal activity, the ephemeral play of light and shadow across the landscapes, or the intricate textures of ice and rock. A thematic approach encourages a more considered and investigative style of photography, often leading to a more compelling and insightful body of work that reflects your unique interests and observations.

Responsible and Safe Photography in Iceland

Iceland’s sublime landscapes offer an undeniable allure to photographers. However, this beauty is often accompanied by a raw, untamed nature and delicate ecosystems. Approaching your photographic journey with a profound sense of responsibility and a keen awareness of safety is not merely advisable; it is essential for the preservation of Iceland’s natural heritage and for your own well-being. This ensures that future generations of artists and travellers can also experience its marvels.

Respect for Nature and Fragile Environments

The Icelandic environment, while appearing rugged and resilient, is in many areas remarkably fragile. As photographers, we have a duty to tread lightly, ensuring our pursuit of the perfect image does not inadvertently harm the very landscapes we cherish. Thoughtful interaction with these spaces is paramount.

Staying on Marked Trails and Paths

Marked trails and designated paths exist for crucial reasons. They guide visitors safely through potentially hazardous terrain and, equally importantly, protect the delicate surrounding ecosystems from trampling and erosion. Venturing off-trail can damage sensitive vegetation that may take decades, if not centuries, to recover, especially in alpine or volcanic areas. Adhering to marked routes helps maintain the integrity of these landscapes for all.

Protecting Delicate Moss and Vegetation

One of Iceland’s most iconic yet vulnerable features is its vast expanses of moss. This vibrant green carpet, often growing over ancient lava fields, can be centuries old and is exceptionally delicate. A single footstep can cause damage that takes many years to heal. Avoid walking, sitting, or placing tripods directly on moss beds. Be mindful of other fragile flora, particularly during its short growing season, and choose durable surfaces like rock or bare ground for your activities whenever possible.

Avoiding Damage to Natural Formations

Iceland’s geological wonders, from intricate basalt columns and ethereal ice formations to geothermal vents and unique rock structures, are the result of powerful natural processes over millennia. It is imperative to observe these features without altering them. Refrain from climbing on unstable formations, breaking off pieces as souvenirs, or disturbing geothermal areas. The principle is simple: leave these natural marvels exactly as you found them, ensuring their preservation for others to appreciate.

Wildlife Photography Ethics

Photographing Iceland’s unique wildlife, from puffins to Arctic foxes and Icelandic horses, is a rewarding experience. This privilege, however, comes with a significant responsibility to ensure that our photographic activities do not cause stress, harm, or alter the natural behaviour of these animals.

Maintaining a Safe and Respectful Distance

Always observe wildlife from a distance that does not disturb them. The appropriate distance will vary depending on the species and the situation. Invest in telephoto lenses to capture close-up images without encroaching on an animal’s space. Learn to recognize signs of stress in animals, such as agitation, alarm calls, or an attempt to flee, and retreat immediately if you observe such behaviours. Your presence should never cause an animal to change its course or abandon its activity.

Never Feeding or Baiting Wildlife

Feeding wild animals, however well-intentioned, can have detrimental consequences. It can lead to dependency, disrupt natural foraging behaviours, cause health problems due to inappropriate food, and reduce their natural fear of humans, potentially leading to dangerous encounters. Similarly, baiting animals to lure them closer for a photograph is unethical and harmful. Allow wildlife to behave naturally in their environment.

Avoiding Disturbance, Especially During Nesting Seasons

Birds are particularly vulnerable during their nesting season (typically late spring and summer in Iceland). Approaching nesting sites too closely can cause parent birds to abandon their nests, leaving eggs or chicks exposed to predators or the elements. Be especially cautious around bird cliffs and colonies. Use long lenses, remain quiet, and minimize your movements. Be aware that drones can be particularly disruptive to nesting birds and should be used with extreme caution, if at all, in such areas, respecting all local regulations.

Leave No Trace Principles for Photographers

The “Leave No Trace” philosophy provides a framework for enjoying the outdoors responsibly. For photographers, who often seek out pristine and remote locations, adhering to these principles is fundamental to minimizing our environmental footprint.

Pack It In, Pack It Out

This is a core tenet: whatever you bring into a natural area, you must take out with you. This includes all litter, such as food wrappers, plastic bottles, used batteries, lens wipes, and even organic waste like fruit peels, which can take a surprisingly long time to decompose in Iceland’s cool climate and can attract wildlife unnaturally.

Dispose of Waste Properly

Utilize designated rubbish and recycling bins whenever they are available. If you are in a remote area without facilities, carry all your waste until you can dispose of it responsibly in a town or service area. Proper waste disposal prevents pollution and protects wildlife and fragile habitats.

Minimize Impact

Beyond waste, consider other ways to lessen your impact. Stay on durable surfaces like established trails, rock, or gravel. Avoid creating new paths or disturbing vegetation. Keep noise levels to a minimum to respect the tranquility of the natural environment and the experience of others. Choose campsites in designated areas if applicable, and be mindful of your impact even in seemingly robust landscapes.

Safety First: Navigating Icelandic Conditions

Iceland’s weather is notoriously unpredictable and can change with astonishing speed. Its terrain, while beautiful, can also present significant hazards. Prioritizing safety through careful planning, appropriate preparation, and cautious decision-making is crucial for any photographic expedition.

Weather Preparedness and Checking Forecasts

Before setting out each day, consult reliable weather forecasts. The Icelandic Meteorological Office (vedur.is) and the SafeTravel Iceland website (safetravel.is) are invaluable resources. Be prepared for all conditions – sun, rain, wind, snow, and fog – often within the same day. A layered clothing system, including waterproof and windproof outerwear, is essential year-round. Hypothermia is a real risk, even in summer, if you are caught unprepared in wet and windy conditions.

Driving Safety (Road Conditions, Speed Limits, Animal Crossings)

Icelandic roads present unique challenges. Check road.is for up-to-date information on road closures and conditions, especially if planning to use F-roads (mountain roads) which require a 4×4 vehicle and are only open in summer. Adhere strictly to speed limits; they are set for safety and account for narrow roads, blind corners, single-lane bridges, and gravel surfaces. Be vigilant for sheep and other livestock that may wander onto roads, particularly in rural areas. Never stop your vehicle in the middle of the road to take a photograph; always find a safe place to pull over completely off the roadway.

Coastal Dangers (Sneaker Waves, Strong Currents)

Iceland’s dramatic coastlines, particularly beaches like Reynisfjara and Djúpalónssandur, are known for “sneaker waves” – unexpectedly large waves that can sweep unsuspecting individuals into the powerful, cold ocean. Never turn your back on the sea in these locations, maintain a safe distance from the water’s edge, and be aware of tide times. Strong currents are also present in glacial lagoons and near river mouths, so exercise extreme caution near these waters.

Glacier, Ice Cave, and Highland Travel Safety (Guides Recommended/Essential)

Exploring glaciers, natural ice caves, and the remote Highlands requires specialized knowledge and equipment. Glaciers have hidden crevasses and unstable seracs. Natural ice caves can be inherently unstable and require expert assessment for safety. The Highlands are vast, with challenging terrain, unbridged rivers, and minimal services. For these activities, engaging the services of qualified, experienced local guides is strongly recommended, and often essential, for your safety and to gain the best experience.

Informing Others of Your Plans When Venturing into Remote Areas

If you plan to hike or travel in remote areas, especially if alone, always inform someone of your detailed plans and expected return time. You can submit a travel plan via the SafeTravel Iceland website (safetravel.is). This information can be vital in an emergency. Carry a fully charged phone, and consider a personal locator beacon (PLB) or satellite messenger for areas with no mobile reception.