Ultimate Peru Travel Guide

Why Peru is an Unforgettable Destination

Peru captivates travelers with a rare combination of geographical diversity, profound history, and cultural vibrancy. It’s a country that doesn’t just offer sights to see, but worlds to experience. From ancient ruins set against staggering mountain backdrops to a culinary scene celebrated globally, Peru presents a journey that engages all the senses.

A Land of Three Worlds

Few countries can claim the sheer variety of landscapes found within Peru’s borders. This geographical trifecta means a single trip can feel like visiting three different countries, each with its own distinct climate, culture, and character.

• The dramatic Andes Mountains: The spine of the country, the Andes, are a world of soaring peaks, deep valleys, and high-altitude plateaus. This is the historic heartland of the Inca, where ancient stone paths connect remote villages and iconic sites like Machu Picchu sit shrouded in mist.
• The lush Amazon Rainforest: Covering nearly two-thirds of the country, the Peruvian Amazon is a realm of immense biodiversity. Navigating its winding rivers, visitors can explore dense jungles teeming with wildlife, from playful monkeys and colorful macaws to elusive jaguars.
• The arid Pacific Coastline: Stretching the entire length of the country is a starkly beautiful desert coast. Here, you’ll find enormous sand dunes, mysterious ancient geoglyphs, vibrant fishing villages, and modern cities like Lima, where the desert meets the sea.

Echoes of Ancient Civilizations

To travel through Peru is to walk through layers of history. Long before the Spanish arrived, this land was home to some of the most sophisticated cultures in the Americas. Their legacy is not confined to museums; it is etched into the landscape and woven into the fabric of daily life.

• The legacy of the Inca Empire: The most famous of Peru’s ancient cultures, the Inca, left behind an astonishing legacy of architectural and engineering marvels. From the imperial city of Cusco to the sprawling fortress of Sacsayhuaman and the “lost city” of Machu Picchu, their stonework and societal organization continue to inspire awe.
• Pre-Inca cultures: The Inca were the culmination of millennia of civilization. You can trace this history through the enigmatic Nazca Lines drawn in the desert, the intricate pottery of the Moche, and the vast adobe city of Chan Chan built by the Chimu.
• Living traditions and vibrant indigenous communities: The past is profoundly present in Peru. Quechua and Aymara communities maintain traditions that have been passed down for centuries, visible in their vibrant textiles, agricultural practices, and spiritual beliefs. A visit here offers a genuine connection to these enduring cultures.

A World-Renowned Culinary Scene

Peruvian cuisine has emerged as one of the most exciting and influential in the world. It is a testament to the country’s rich cultural fusion and its incredible biodiversity, which provides a pantry of unique ingredients.

• Fusion of influences: The foundation of Peruvian food is its indigenous ingredients, which were later enriched by Spanish, African, and waves of Asian (primarily Chinese and Japanese) immigration. This mix created unique culinary styles like Criollo, Chifa (Chinese-Peruvian), and Nikkei (Japanese-Peruvian).
• From street food stalls to world’s best restaurants: The culinary experience in Peru is remarkably democratic. You can enjoy a perfectly prepared plate of ceviche at a humble market stall or book a table at a Lima restaurant that consistently ranks among the world’s best.
• Unique native ingredients: The country’s varied geography yields an astonishing array of products. Peru is the birthplace of the potato, with thousands of varieties. It boasts a spectrum of flavorful aji peppers, nutrient-rich grains like quinoa, and an abundance of exotic fruits from the Amazon.

Adventure for Every Traveler

Whether you seek adrenaline, tranquility, or discovery, Peru offers an adventure tailored to your interests. The country’s diverse terrain is a natural playground for a wide range of activities.

• High-altitude trekking and mountaineering: The Andes are a trekker’s paradise, offering everything from the world-famous Inca Trail to challenging alternatives like the Salkantay Trek. Mountaineers are drawn to the pristine peaks of the Cordillera Blanca.
• Wildlife watching in the jungle: A stay at an Amazonian eco-lodge provides an immersive experience in one of the planet’s most biodiverse regions. Guided excursions on foot and by boat offer chances to spot an incredible array of fauna and flora.
• Surfing, sandboarding, and historical exploration: Along the coast, you can ride the waves at surf towns like Máncora or experience the thrill of sandboarding down massive dunes in the Huacachina oasis. For many, the greatest adventure is simply exploring the countless archaeological sites scattered across the country.

Essential Pre-Trip Planning

A successful trip to a country as diverse as Peru begins long before you board the plane. Thoughtful planning regarding timing, finances, and packing will ensure your journey is smooth, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the experience. Here’s what you need to consider.

Best Time to Visit Peru

Peru’s climate is defined less by four distinct seasons and more by two primary ones: wet and dry. Your ideal travel time will largely depend on which regions you plan to explore and what activities you have in mind.

Dry Season (April – October)

This is the most popular time to visit, especially for those heading to the Andes. Expect clear blue skies, sunny days, and chilly nights at high altitudes. It’s the perfect window for trekking and mountain exploration.

• Ideal for Hiking: This is the prime season for tackling the Huayhuash Hike, Salkantay Trek, or any high-altitude hike to places like Machu Picchu and Cusco. The trails are drier and safer.
• Peak Tourist Season: Be prepared for larger crowds and higher prices, particularly from June through August. It’s essential to book flights, accommodations, and popular tours (like the Inca Trail) well in advance.

Wet Season (November – March)

Often called the “green season,” this period brings frequent rainfall, especially in the Andes and the Amazon. While hiking can be challenging, the country transforms with lush, vibrant landscapes and offers a different kind of appeal.

• Fewer Crowds: This is a great time to visit if you prefer a quieter experience and want to take advantage of lower prices on flights and hotels.
• Best for the Amazon: The higher river levels in the Amazon basin allow for more extensive exploration by boat, opening up waterways that are inaccessible during the dry season.
• Important Note: The classic 4-day Inca Trail is closed for maintenance every year during the month of February. Alternative treks remain open.

Visa, Currency, and Budgeting

Visa Requirements

For many travelers, entering Peru is a straightforward process. Citizens from most countries in the Americas and Western Europe do not need a tourist visa for stays of up to 90 days. However, regulations can change. It is crucial to verify the specific requirements for your nationality on the official Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website or by contacting your local Peruvian consulate before you travel.

Currency

The official currency of Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). While US Dollars are widely accepted in major hotels, high-end restaurants, and by tour operators in tourist hubs like Lima and Cusco, it is highly recommended to carry Soles for day-to-day expenses. You will need local currency for smaller restaurants, markets, taxis, and purchases in rural areas. ATMs are widely available in cities and towns, and currency exchange houses (casas de cambio) often offer better rates than banks or airports.

Budgeting Your Trip

Peru can accommodate a wide range of budgets, from frugal backpackers to luxury seekers. Here are some general daily estimates per person, excluding international flights:

• Backpacker: $30 – $50 USD. This covers hostel dorms, street food or market meals, and local transportation.
• Mid-Range: $70 – $150 USD. This allows for private rooms in comfortable hotels, meals at a mix of local and mid-tier restaurants, and some domestic flights or guided tours.
• Luxury: $250+ USD. This includes stays at high-end hotels, fine dining experiences, private tours, and greater travel comfort.

Sample Costs:

• A set lunch menu (menú del día): 10-20 PEN
• A bed in a hostel dorm: 30-60 PEN
• A long-distance bus ticket (e.g., Lima to Arequipa): 80-150 PEN
• A bottle of local beer: 8-12 PEN

Tipping: Tipping is not obligatory but is appreciated for good service. In mid-range to high-end restaurants, a tip of around 10% is customary. For tour guides and drivers, a tip based on the quality and duration of the service is a welcome gesture.

What to Pack for Diverse Climates

Packing for Peru is an exercise in versatility. In a single trip, you might experience the humid heat of the jungle, the dry chill of the mountains, and the mild climate of the coast. The key is to pack layers.

Clothing

• Layers are Key: Pack a mix of short-sleeve t-shirts, long-sleeve shirts, a warm fleece or mid-layer, and a reliable waterproof and windproof jacket. This allows you to adapt to changing temperatures throughout the day.
• Comfortable Bottoms: Bring lightweight hiking pants or convertible pants for trekking and comfortable trousers or jeans for city exploration.
• Sturdy Footwear: A pair of well-worn, waterproof hiking boots is non-negotiable for any treks. Also, pack comfortable walking shoes or sneakers for cities and sandals for warmer regions.

Health & Essentials

• Personal First-Aid Kit: Include basics like pain relievers, antiseptic wipes, bandages, and any personal medications.
• Sun and Insect Protection: The sun is incredibly strong at high altitudes. Pack high-SPF sunscreen, a wide-brimmed sun hat, and sunglasses. For the Amazon, an insect repellent containing DEET is essential.
• Altitude Sickness Medication: If you plan to visit Cusco or other high-altitude areas, consult your doctor about preventative medication for altitude sickness (soroche), such as acetazolamide.

Gear

• Universal Power Adapter: Peru primarily uses Type A and Type C outlets. A universal adapter will ensure you can charge your devices.
• Reusable Water Bottle: A bottle with a built-in filter is an excellent, environmentally friendly choice for staying hydrated and avoiding single-use plastics. Tap water is not safe to drink.
• Daypack: A small, comfortable backpack is essential for carrying water, snacks, a jacket, sunscreen, and your camera on daily excursions.

Getting To and Around Peru

Peru’s vast and dramatic geography, from its towering mountains to its sprawling coastline, makes travel within the country an adventure in itself. Understanding your transportation options is key to crafting a smooth and enjoyable itinerary. Whether you are soaring over the Andes or winding through scenic valleys, getting around is an integral part of the Peruvian experience.

Arriving by Air

For most international visitors, the journey to Peru begins in its bustling capital. The primary port of entry is Lima’s Jorge Chávez International Airport (LIM), a modern and well-connected hub for flights from across the globe. While some international flights from neighboring South American countries land directly in Cusco, the vast majority of travelers will connect through Lima first.

To find the best flight deals, consider these tips:

• Book your international flights at least 3-6 months in advance, especially if you plan to travel during the peak dry season from June to August. Refer to our guide on the best time to visit Peru for more details.
• Travel during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October) often yields more favorable pricing and pleasant weather.
• Use flight comparison tools to survey your options, but also check the airlines’ official websites, which sometimes offer exclusive deals.
• If your schedule allows, being flexible with your departure and return dates by a day or two can often result in significant savings.

Navigating the Country

Once you’ve arrived, a network of domestic flights, long-distance buses, and scenic trains connects Peru’s diverse regions. Your choice of transport will depend on your budget, timeframe, and the level of comfort you desire.

Domestic Flights

Given the immense distances and mountainous terrain, flying is by far the most efficient way to travel between major destinations. A bus journey from Lima to Cusco can take over 20 hours, while a flight covers the same distance in just 90 minutes. This makes air travel an essential tool for maximizing your time. The main domestic carriers are LATAM, which offers the most extensive network, alongside reliable low-cost airlines like Sky Airline and JetSMART. Be sure to check baggage allowance policies, as they can be stricter on budget carriers.

Long-Distance Buses

The bus system is the backbone of transportation for most Peruvians and a very popular option for travelers. It is the most economical way to get around and connects nearly every city, town, and village. For long-haul and overnight journeys, investing in a reputable company is highly recommended for safety and comfort. Companies like Cruz del Sur, Oltursa, and Movil Tours are known for their modern fleets and professional service.

When booking, you’ll choose between two main classes of seats:

• Semi-Cama: These seats recline to about 140 degrees and are comfortable for daytime or shorter overnight trips.
• Cama: These “bed” seats recline to 160-180 degrees, providing a nearly flat surface perfect for getting a good night’s sleep on long journeys.

Trains

While Peru’s train network is not extensive for general travel, the routes that do exist offer some of the most spectacular scenic journeys in the world. These are primarily tourist-oriented experiences rather than practical commuter transport. The most famous route runs through the Sacred Valley to Aguas Calientes, the gateway town to Machu Picchu. This service is operated by two main companies, PeruRail and Inca Rail, both offering a range of classes from standard expedition carriages to luxurious panoramic cars. For an unparalleled luxury experience, the Belmond Andean Explorer is a sleeper train that glides through the high plains on multi-day journeys connecting Cusco, Puno, and Arequipa.

Top Destinations and Regions

Peru’s diverse geography is matched only by its cultural richness. From the ancient heart of the Inca Empire to the bustling modern capital and the untamed Amazon, each region offers a distinct and memorable experience. Here’s a guide to the essential destinations that define this incredible country.

Cusco and the Sacred Valley

Once the capital of the formidable Inca Empire, the region of Cusco is the historical and spiritual heart of Peru. It serves as the primary launchpad for explorations of Machu Picchu and the surrounding Andean landscapes.

Cusco: The Imperial City

Nestled high in the Andes, Cusco is a captivating blend of Inca stonework and Spanish colonial architecture. The city’s cobblestone streets are alive with history, color, and culture. The central Plaza de Armas is a vibrant hub, flanked by the impressive Cusco Cathedral and the ornate Church of the Company of Jesus. A short walk reveals Qorikancha, the Inca’s Temple of the Sun, whose masterful stone walls now form the foundation of the Santo Domingo Convent. For a more relaxed atmosphere, wander up to the bohemian San Blas neighborhood, known for its artisan workshops and panoramic city views.

A crucial note on altitude: Cusco sits at approximately 3,400 meters (11,152 feet). It is essential to give your body time to acclimatize upon arrival. Plan for a relaxed first day, stay well-hydrated, drink coca tea (a local remedy), and avoid heavy meals and alcohol to minimize the effects of altitude sickness. For more on this, see our vaccination and health requirements.

The Sacred Valley of the Incas

Stretching between Cusco and Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley is a lush, fertile region dotted with charming villages, agricultural terraces, and remarkable Inca ruins. Key stops include:

• Pisac: Famous for its sprawling hilltop Inca fortress, which offers breathtaking views of the valley, and its vibrant Sunday market where you can find local handicrafts and produce. You can learn more about shopping and souvenirs here.
• Ollantaytambo: An exceptionally well-preserved “living Inca town” where residents inhabit buildings from the Inca era. Its main attraction is a formidable stone fortress that climbs steeply up the mountainside, the site of a rare Inca victory over the Spanish.
• Chinchero: Located on high-altitude plains, this village is home to a beautiful colonial church built atop Inca foundations and is a renowned center for traditional Andean weaving. Visiting a local cooperative provides a fascinating insight into the natural dyeing and weaving process.

Machu Picchu: The Lost City

The undisputed crown jewel of Peru, Machu Picchu is a breathtaking citadel set dramatically on a mountain ridge. Its purpose remains a subject of debate, but its architectural genius and mystical atmosphere are undeniable. A visit requires careful planning.

Planning Your Visit

Tickets to Machu Picchu sell out months in advance, especially during the high season. It is imperative to book ahead. You can purchase them through the official government website or via a certified tour operator. The site is now managed with different circuits and timed entry slots to control crowds. Research the circuits beforehand to ensure you see the key areas you’re interested in, as they offer different routes and viewpoints. For a comprehensive overview, check out our detailed Machu Picchu travel guide.

Getting There

There are two primary ways to reach the famed citadel:

• By Train: The most common method is to take a scenic train ride from Cusco or, more popularly, from Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley to Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of Machu Picchu. From there, a 25-minute bus ride takes you up to the entrance.
• By Foot: For the adventurous, arriving at Machu Picchu via a multi-day trek is an unforgettable experience. The Classic Inca Trail is the most famous route, but excellent alternatives like the Salkantay or Lares treks offer different perspectives of the Andes.

Key Sights

While the entire complex is awe-inspiring, certain features stand out. The Sun Gate (Inti Punku), the traditional entrance for those finishing the Inca Trail, offers the first panoramic view of the citadel. The Temple of the Sun is a masterful curved stone tower, and the Intihuatana stone is a mysterious carved pillar thought to have been an astronomical clock or calendar.

Lima: The Culinary Capital

Often just a stopover for travelers heading to Cusco, Peru’s sprawling capital is a destination in its own right, especially for food lovers. It’s a vibrant metropolis where colonial history meets modern innovation. For a deeper dive into the city, explore our Cusco travel guide.

Key Neighborhoods

• Miraflores: This upscale, modern district is perched on cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean. It’s known for its beautiful parks (like the Parque del Amor), high-end shopping, and a vast concentration of Lima’s best restaurants.
• Barranco: Just south of Miraflores, Barranco is the city’s bohemian heart. Its streets are filled with colorful colonial mansions, independent art galleries, lively bars, and impressive street art. The iconic Bridge of Sighs is a central landmark.
• Historic Centre: A UNESCO World Heritage site, the city center is where you’ll find grand colonial plazas, ornate churches, and government palaces, offering a glimpse into Lima’s viceregal past.

Foodie Experiences

Lima’s culinary scene is world-renowned. Start by visiting a classic cevichería for a plate of the freshest ceviche, Peru’s national dish. Explore local food markets like Mercado de Surquillo to see the incredible diversity of native ingredients. For an exceptional dining experience, Lima is home to restaurants that consistently rank among the world’s best. Securing a reservation at aspirational establishments like Central, which explores Peru’s ecosystems through its cuisine, or Maido, a leader in Nikkei (Japanese-Peruvian) food, requires booking far in advance but offers a truly remarkable culinary journey.

Arequipa and Colca Canyon

In southern Peru lies a region of dramatic volcanic landscapes, deep canyons, and stunning colonial architecture.

Arequipa: The White City

Peru’s second-largest city is built from a pearly white volcanic rock called sillar, which gives the city its nickname and a unique architectural elegance. The city is framed by three towering volcanoes, including the perfectly conical El Misti. The highlight is the Santa Catalina Monastery, a vast and brilliantly colored complex that was a self-contained city for nuns for over 400 years. Exploring its cloisters, streets, and chapels feels like stepping back in time.

Colca Canyon

A few hours’ drive from Arequipa, Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world—more than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon. It’s not just the scale that impresses, but the life it holds. The famous Cruz del Condor viewpoint is one of the best places on the continent to see the majestic Andean Condor soaring on thermal currents. The canyon is also a fantastic destination for trekking, with routes that descend to the canyon floor and connect traditional villages.

Lake Titicaca and the Floating Islands

On the high-altitude Altiplano bordering Bolivia, Lake Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake and the legendary birthplace of the Incas. Its deep blue waters and vast sky create a profound sense of tranquility.

Puno: The Lakeside Gateway

Puno is the main port city on the Peruvian side of the lake and the primary base for organizing boat tours to its famous islands.

Uros Floating Islands

The most famous of Titicaca’s islands are the Uros Islands, a collection of over 100 man-made islets crafted entirely from bundled totora reeds. The Uru people have lived on these floating platforms for centuries, constantly replenishing the reeds as the bottom layers rot away.

Taquile and Amantani Islands

For a more profound cultural immersion, venture further out to the natural islands of Taquile and Amantani. Here, Quechua-speaking communities maintain a traditional way of life. Taquile is renowned for its high-quality textiles, woven by the men of the island. Many travelers opt for an overnight homestay on Amantani, which provides an authentic opportunity to connect with a local family and experience their daily routines.

The Peruvian Amazon

Covering nearly 60% of the country, the Peruvian Amazon is a world of immense biodiversity, dense rainforest, and winding rivers. It offers one of the planet’s most immersive nature experiences.

Choosing Your Gateway

• Iquitos: Located in the northern Amazon, Iquitos is the world’s largest city that cannot be reached by road. Accessible only by plane or a multi-day boat trip, it sits directly on the Amazon River and is a hub for river cruises and deep-jungle lodges.
• Puerto Maldonado: In the southern Amazon, this gateway is more accessible and serves as the entry point to the protected Tambopata National Reserve and Manu National Park. It is particularly known for its clay licks, which attract hundreds of macaws and parrots.

What to Expect

A typical Amazon experience involves staying in a rustic yet comfortable eco-lodge. Daily activities are led by naturalist guides and include jungle treks to learn about medicinal plants, boat excursions on rivers and oxbow lakes to spot wildlife like monkeys, capybaras, giant river otters, and caimans, and night walks to discover the rainforest’s nocturnal creatures. It’s a chance to disconnect from the modern world and tune into the rhythms of nature.

Iconic Peruvian Experiences

Beyond the famous landmarks, Peru offers a collection of truly unique experiences that define a journey through this incredible country. From tracing ancient pathways on foot to soaring above desert mysteries, these are the moments that create lasting memories.

Trekking to Ancient Ruins

Walking through the Andes is to walk through history itself. The vast network of Inca trails (Qhapaq Ñan) connected an empire, and today, trekking these paths offers an unparalleled connection to the landscape and the civilizations that shaped it. Whether you choose a world-famous route or a path less traveled, the journey is as rewarding as the destination.

The Classic Inca Trail

This is arguably the most famous trek in South America. The 4-day journey covers 43 kilometers (26 miles) of breathtaking mountain scenery, cloud forests, and subtropical jungle, passing several Inca ruins before culminating in a dramatic sunrise entrance to Machu Picchu via the Sun Gate (Inti Punku). Due to its popularity and strict regulations to protect the trail, permits are limited and must be booked through a licensed tour operator at least six months in advance, especially for the high season.

Alternative Treks

For those seeking a different perspective or who missed out on Inca Trail permits, Peru offers spectacular alternatives:

• Salkantay Trek: A more challenging, higher-altitude trek renowned for its dramatic natural beauty. It takes you through diverse ecosystems, from alpine meadows beneath the stunning 6,271m (20,574 ft) Salkantay peak to lush cloud forests, before connecting to Aguas Calientes.
• Lares Trek: This trek is prized for its deep cultural immersion. It winds through traditional Andean villages in the Lares Valley, offering authentic interactions with local weavers and farmers, and a glimpse into a way of life that has remained unchanged for centuries.
• Choquequirao Trek: A rugged and demanding trek for the serious adventurer. This multi-day journey leads to the remote and expansive ruins of Choquequirao, often called Machu Picchu’s “sacred sister.” With far fewer visitors, it offers a profound sense of discovery.

A Culinary Deep Dive

Peruvian cuisine is a destination in itself. It’s a vibrant tapestry woven from indigenous ingredients and centuries of multicultural influence. Exploring its flavors is a non-negotiable part of any trip, from humble market stalls to internationally acclaimed restaurants.

Must-Try Dishes

• Ceviche: Peru’s national dish is a deceptively simple and incredibly fresh preparation of raw fish cured in lime juice, spiced with aji chili peppers, and garnished with red onion, sweet potato, and choclo (large-kernel corn).
• Lomo Saltado: A perfect example of Chifa (Chinese-Peruvian fusion) cuisine. This beloved stir-fry features marinated strips of beef, onions, tomatoes, and aji peppers, typically served with both French fries and a side of rice.
• Aji de Gallina: A classic comfort food, this dish consists of shredded chicken in a rich, creamy, and subtly spicy sauce made from aji amarillo peppers, walnuts, and cheese, served over potatoes and rice.
• Cuy: For the adventurous palate, trying cuy (guinea pig) is a true Andean cultural experience. A traditional delicacy, it is typically roasted or fried whole and has a flavor often compared to rabbit or dark chicken meat.

Essential Drinks

• Pisco Sour: The national cocktail and a source of patriotic pride. This frothy, tangy, and potent drink is made with Pisco (a grape brandy), fresh lime juice, simple syrup, egg white, and a dash of Angostura bitters.

– Chicha Morada: A refreshing, non-alcoholic beverage made by boiling purple corn with pineapple rind, cinnamon, and cloves. It’s a sweet, spiced, and deeply colorful drink found everywhere.

• Inca Kola: Peru’s most popular soda, this bright yellow, sweet beverage has a unique flavor often compared to bubblegum or cream soda. It’s a cultural icon and a must-try.

Sandboarding and Dune Buggying in Huacachina

Just a few hours south of Lima lies the remarkable desert oasis of Huacachina, a small lagoon surrounded by towering sand dunes. It’s South America’s premier destination for adrenaline sports in the sand. The classic experience involves a high-speed, rollercoaster-like ride in a powerful dune buggy, cresting and plunging down massive dunes. The tour typically stops at the top of the highest dunes, where you can try your hand at sandboarding—sliding down the sandy slopes on a board, either standing up or lying on your stomach for an exhilarating rush. It is an especially magical experience at sunset.

Flying Over the Nazca Lines

Etched into the arid desert plains of southern Peru are the Nazca Lines, a collection of enormous and enigmatic geoglyphs created by the ancient Nazca culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE. These massive designs—depicting animals like a hummingbird, a spider, and a monkey, as well as geometric shapes—are so large they can only be fully appreciated from the air. A scenic flight in a small aircraft is the best way to witness this UNESCO World Heritage site. The mystery of their purpose continues to fuel debate, with theories ranging from astronomical calendars to ritual pathways for religious ceremonies.

Health, Safety, and Practical Tips

A little preparation goes a long way in ensuring your Peruvian adventure is as smooth as it is memorable. By keeping a few key health and safety considerations in mind, you can focus on the incredible experiences this country has to offer.

Staying Healthy in Peru

Altitude Sickness (Soroche)

Many of Peru’s most famous destinations, including Cusco and Lake Titicaca, are located at high altitudes. Altitude sickness, or soroche, is a common concern for travelers. Symptoms can include headaches, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. The most effective way to prevent it is to acclimatize slowly. Plan to spend at least two days taking it easy at your arrival destination before undertaking strenuous activities. Other useful tips include:

• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
• Avoid heavy meals and alcohol for the first couple of days.
• Listen to your body and rest when you feel tired.
• Locals have long sworn by mate de coca (coca tea), a mild stimulant that can help alleviate symptoms. You can also consult your doctor before your trip about preventative medication like acetazolamide.

Food and Water Safety

Peru’s culinary scene is a highlight, but it’s wise to be mindful of food and water safety. Tap water is not potable; always drink bottled, boiled, or filtered water, and be cautious of ice in drinks unless you’re in a reputable hotel or restaurant. When it comes to street food, use your judgment. Opt for stalls that are busy with locals—a high turnover rate means the food is fresh. Watching your food being cooked to order is also a good sign.

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance is not a suggestion; it is an absolute necessity for any trip to Peru. Your policy should cover medical emergencies, including emergency evacuation from remote trekking areas, as well as trip cancellation, delays, and theft of belongings. Having a solid insurance plan provides peace of mind, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in your travels without worrying about unforeseen circumstances.

General Safety Advice

Peru is a welcoming country and generally safe for tourists. However, like any popular travel destination, it’s important to take standard precautions to protect yourself and your belongings. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, can occur in crowded areas like markets, bus terminals, and busy city squares. By staying aware and sensible, you can significantly minimize risks.

• Be aware of your surroundings: Keep a close eye on your bags and personal items, especially in crowded places. Avoid displaying expensive jewelry, cameras, or large amounts of cash.
• Use reputable transportation: For taxis, use official, registered companies or reliable ride-sharing apps like Uber or Cabify, especially at night or when traveling from the airport.
• Secure your valuables: Use your hotel’s safe for your passport, extra cash, and other valuables. Carry a copy of your passport with you for identification.

Responsible and Ethical Tourism

Traveling responsibly in Peru means interacting with its culture, people, and environment in a way that is respectful and positive. Your choices as a traveler can have a significant impact on the communities you visit.

• Respect local customs: Be mindful of local traditions and dress codes, particularly when visiting religious sites or rural communities. A friendly “buenos días” goes a long way.
• Ask before you photograph: Always ask for permission before taking a photo of an individual, especially of indigenous people in traditional dress. Some may ask for a small tip (propina) in return, which is a common practice.
• Support local communities: Purchase handicrafts directly from the artisans who make them. When you buy from local markets and family-run businesses, you ensure that your money directly supports the local economy.
• Choose sustainable operators: When booking tours, especially treks like the Inca Trail, select companies that have a strong reputation for treating their porters and staff ethically and for following sound environmental practices.