Highlands of Iceland (Hálendið)

Venture into the raw, untamed beauty of Iceland's Highlands (Hálendið), a vast volcanic wilderness of steaming geothermal fields, glacial rivers, and surreal lava landscapes. Accessible only in summer, this remote expanse offers unparalleled solitude, dramatic vistas like Landmannalaugar's rhyolite mountains, and thrilling off-road adventures. A haven for hikers and nature lovers, the Highlands embody Iceland's wild, otherworldly soul.

Essentials

  • Best Months to Visit: August, July, June

zone Facts

  • Geographical Location: Vast, uninhabited interior region of Iceland, characterized by rugged volcanic landscapes, glaciers, and geothermal activity.
  • Main City/Town: N/A (No permanent settlements; closest service towns include Akureyri and Höfn for access points.)
  • Approximate Area: ~40,000 sq km (covers nearly 40% of Iceland's total land area).
  • Key Geographical Features:
    • Landmannalaugar (colorful rhyolite mountains, hot springs)
    • Askja caldera (volcanic crater with Víti geothermal lake)
    • Vatnajökull (Europe's largest glacier by volume)
    • Þjórsá (Iceland's longest river)
  • Dominant Climate Type: Subarctic highland climate—harsh winters, cool summers, and unpredictable weather year-round.
  • Population: 0 (uninhabited; seasonal researchers/tourists only).
  • Main Economic Activities:
    • Tourism (trekking, super jeep tours)
    • Geothermal energy research
  • Common Languages/Dialects Spoken: Icelandic (no regional variation; English widely understood in tourist services).
  • Best Time to Visit: July–August (only accessible months due to snowmelt; F-roads open for 4x4 vehicles).
  • Unique Selling Points:
    • Otherworldly landscapes resembling Mars (used for astronaut training)
    • Remote solitude with minimal light pollution (prime Northern Lights viewing in winter periphery)

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Tours and Day Trips

Landmannalaugar Super Jeep & Hiking Adventure

Explore the otherworldly landscapes of Landmannalaugar, a geothermal wonderland nestled in the Fjallabak Nature Reserve. This full-day tour typically includes a thrilling super jeep ride through rugged highland terrain, followed by hikes through colorful rhyolite mountains, steaming hot springs, and lava fields. Ideal for adventure seekers and nature lovers, the tour often includes a soak in natural hot springs. Accessible only in summer (June–September), Landmannalaugar is roughly 4–5 hours from Reykjavík, with most tours departing from the highland edge.

Askja Caldera & Víti Crater Lake Expedition

Journey to the remote Askja Caldera, a volcanic masterpiece in the Dyngjufjöll Mountains. This demanding but rewarding day trip involves traversing the lunar-like Ódáðahraun lava field by super jeep before hiking to the stunning Víti Crater Lake, where travelers can take a dip in its geothermal waters. The tour often includes stops at the dramatic Dettifoss waterfall or the lush oasis of Herðubreiðarlindir. Best suited for experienced hikers and those seeking off-the-beaten-path thrills, Askja is accessible from mid-June to early September.

Þórsmörk Valley Explorer

Discover the lush, glacier-carved valley of Þórsmörk, a hiker's paradise sandwiched between three glaciers. This day trip often includes river crossings by super jeep, hikes to scenic viewpoints like Valahnúkur, and walks through birch forests and moss-covered lava fields. Some tours combine Þórsmörk with the nearby Eyjafjallajökull volcano, famous for its 2010 eruption. Perfect for families (with older kids) and outdoor enthusiasts, Þórsmörk is roughly 3–4 hours from Reykjavík, with most tours operating May–September.

Laugavegur Trail Highlights (Shortened Version)

Experience a taste of Iceland's most famous trek, the Laugavegur Trail, on a condensed day tour. Starting from Landmannalaugar or Hrafntinnusker, this excursion covers the trail's most dramatic sections—think obsidian deserts, steaming fumaroles, and glacial rivers—without the multi-day commitment. Suitable for moderate hikers, the tour often includes a guide to share insights about the region's geology and folklore. The full Laugavegur Trail typically takes 4 days, but this day trip offers a glimpse into its magic.

Kerlingarfjöll Mountain Range & Hot Springs

Venture into the lesser-known Kerlingarfjöll range, a geothermal hotspot with vibrant red and yellow hills, steaming vents, and secluded hot springs. Day tours here often combine hiking through the Hveradalir valley with relaxing soaks in natural pools. The area is less crowded than Landmannalaugar, making it ideal for solitude seekers and photographers. Accessible via highland roads (F-35) in summer, Kerlingarfjöll is about 3–4 hours from Reykjavík.

When to visit

Seasonal Breakdown

The Highlands of Iceland (Hálendið) are a rugged, remote region with extreme seasonal variations. Access is largely limited to summer due to harsh winter conditions. Here’s a breakdown of the seasons:

Summer (June – August)

Weather: Temperatures range from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F), with long daylight hours (nearly 24-hour sunlight in June). Rainfall is moderate, but winds can be strong.

Pros:

  • Only time when most highland roads (F-roads) are open, allowing access to iconic sites like Landmannalaugar and Askja.
  • Ideal for hiking, camping, and exploring geothermal areas.
  • Midnight sun offers extended daylight for adventures.

Cons:

  • Peak tourist season means crowded trails and higher accommodation prices.
  • Unpredictable weather can still disrupt plans.

Events: The Þjóðhátíð festival in August (near Landmannalaugar) draws crowds for music and camping.

Shoulder Seasons (Late May – Early June & September)

Weather: Temperatures range from 0°C to 10°C (32°F to 50°F). Days are shorter than summer, but snowmelt opens some roads by late May.

Pros:

  • Fewer crowds and lower prices compared to peak summer.
  • September offers stunning autumn colors and Northern Lights begin to appear.

Cons:

  • Some highland roads may still be closed in May or close early in September.
  • Colder nights and higher chance of storms.

Winter (October – April)

Weather: Harsh conditions with temperatures often below freezing (-10°C to 5°C / 14°F to 41°F). Heavy snow and ice close all F-roads.

Pros:

  • Solitude and dramatic snowy landscapes for experienced winter travelers (accessible only by super jeep tours).
  • Northern Lights are visible on clear nights.

Cons:

  • Most highland attractions are inaccessible.
  • Extreme weather risks (blizzards, whiteouts).

Overall Recommendation

The best time to visit the Highlands is July and August for full access and optimal hiking conditions. For fewer crowds, consider late June or early September, but check road openings. Winter visits are only for extreme adventurers with guided tours.

Considerations

Peak Season (July–August): Book accommodations and rental 4x4s months in advance. Off-Peak: Lower prices but limited services. Always monitor road.is for F-road statuses.

What to pack

Essentials for Rugged Terrain & Unpredictable Weather

The Highlands of Iceland are remote, windswept, and prone to sudden weather shifts. Pack for isolation, volcanic landscapes, and potential river crossings.

  • Waterproof Hiking Boots: Sturdy ankle support and Gore-Tex lining are critical for wet trails, river fords, and uneven lava fields.
  • Insulated Layers (Merino Wool or Fleece): Even in summer, temperatures drop near freezing at night. Avoid cotton—it retains moisture.
  • Windproof Shell Jacket & Pants: Brutal winds are common; a lightweight but durable outer layer is non-negotiable.
  • GPS Device & Physical Map: Many areas lack cell service. Mark F-roads (mountain roads) and emergency huts.
  • Tire Repair Kit (for 4x4s): Sharp volcanic rock can puncture tires. Rental cars often lack proper spares.

Specialized Gear for Highland Conditions

Beyond basics, these items address unique challenges of the region.

  • Waterproof Dry Bags: Protect electronics and spare clothes during river crossings or sudden storms.
  • Portable Water Filter: Streams are plentiful, but glacial silt can clog standard filters—bring a high-capacity one.
  • Sleep Mask: Midnight sun in summer makes rest difficult without blackout coverage.
  • Sandwich Bags & Rubber Bands: Improvised waterproofing for cameras/phones during spray from waterfalls or rain.

Often Overlooked but Critical

  • Cash (ISK) in Small Bills: Remote gas stations may not take cards, and some lack attendants.
  • Extra Fuel Canisters: Distances between fill-ups are vast; calculate generously.
  • Swimsuit & Quick-Dry Towel: For spontaneous hot spring stops—even roadside geothermal pools exist.

Getting there

By Air

The nearest major international airport to the Highlands of Iceland (Hálendið) is Keflavík International Airport (KEF), located about 50 km from Reykjavík. From there, travelers can rent a car or take a domestic flight to Akureyri Airport (AEY) or Egilsstaðir Airport (EGS), which are closer to some highland routes. However, most highland areas require a 4x4 vehicle for access, so renting one is highly recommended.

  • Rental cars are available at Keflavík and domestic airports, but book in advance during peak season (June–August).
  • Domestic flights to Akureyri or Egilsstaðir take about 1 hour, but ground transportation from these airports to the highlands still requires a 4x4.

By Bus/Coach

Public bus services to the highlands are limited due to the rugged terrain. However, some tour operators offer seasonal bus routes to popular highland destinations like Landmannalaugar or Þórsmörk from Reykjavík or Akureyri. These services typically run from June to September.

  • Book bus tickets in advance, as seats fill quickly.
  • Travel times vary but expect 4–6 hours from Reykjavík to major highland hubs.
  • Buses are not suitable for deep highland exploration; they usually drop passengers at designated campsites or trailheads.

By Car (Driving)

The most flexible way to reach the Highlands of Iceland is by driving. Key access routes include:

  • Route F35 (Kjölur): Connects the north and south via the interior, accessible from Reykjavík or Akureyri.
  • Route F26 (Sprengisandur): A more remote north-south route, best for experienced drivers.
  • Route F208 (to Landmannalaugar): A scenic but challenging route with river crossings.

A 4x4 vehicle is mandatory for all highland roads (marked with an "F" prefix). River crossings, rough terrain, and unpredictable weather are common. Check road conditions at road.is before departure.

Practical Advice

The highlands are only accessible from late June to early September due to snow and road closures. Outside this window, travel is extremely difficult or impossible.

  • Fuel up before entering the highlands; there are no gas stations.
  • Carry extra food, water, and emergency supplies, as services are sparse.
  • Inform someone of your travel plans, as mobile coverage is unreliable.

Getting around

4x4 Vehicles: The Essential Highland Explorer

The Highlands of Iceland are a rugged, remote wilderness with unpaved F-roads, river crossings, and challenging terrain. A 4x4 vehicle is mandatory for exploration, as regular cars are prohibited on F-roads. Renting a sturdy SUV or jeep is the most practical way to navigate the region independently.

  • Rental Tips: Book well in advance, especially in summer. Ensure your rental includes gravel insurance and is explicitly permitted for F-roads.
  • Cost: Daily rates start around €150–€250, depending on the vehicle type and season.
  • Driving Advice: Check road conditions at road.is, fuel up whenever possible, and never attempt river crossings beyond your skill level.

Super Jeeps & Guided Tours

For those uncomfortable driving, Super Jeep tours offer a thrilling alternative. These modified vehicles tackle extreme terrain with expert drivers, often including stops at hidden gems like Landmannalaugar or Askja.

  • Tour Options: Day trips from Reykjavík or multi-day adventures are available.
  • Cost: Day tours range from €200–€400 per person; multi-day expeditions cost significantly more.
  • Advantage: No driving stress, with insider knowledge from guides.

Hiking: The Slow Adventure

The Highlands are a hiker’s paradise, with trails like the Laugavegur Trek connecting landmarks such as Þórsmörk and Landmannalaugar. Walking is often the only way to reach certain areas.

  • Trail Access: Some routes require bus transfers to trailheads (see below).
  • Safety: Weather changes rapidly—pack layers, GPS, and emergency supplies.
  • Wild Camping: Permitted with restrictions; stick to designated sites where available.

Highland Buses (Seasonal)

From late June to early September, mountain buses operate limited routes to key areas like Landmannalaugar, Kerlingarfjöll, and Askja. These are essential for hikers without vehicles.

  • Providers: Companies like Reykjavík Excursions and TREX run these services.
  • Cost: One-way fares range from €50–€100, depending on distance.
  • Booking: Reserve ahead, as seats fill quickly. Schedules are rigid—miss your bus, and you’re stranded.

Domestic Flights (Limited)

For reaching extremely remote areas like the interior glaciers, chartered flights or helicopters are occasionally used for expeditions, but these are costly and rare for casual travelers.

  • Cost: Helicopter tours start around €500 per person for short trips.
  • Practicality: Only viable for specialized trips (e.g., volcano overflights).

Cycling (For the Bold)

Mountain biking is possible but grueling, suited only for experienced cyclists with robust bikes. River crossings and volatile weather pose significant challenges.

  • Rentals: Few shops rent bikes suitable for the Highlands—plan to bring your own.
  • Routes: Stick to marked trails like the Sprengisandur track.

Culture

The Cultural Identity of the Highlands

The Highlands of Iceland (Hálendið) are a vast, uninhabited wilderness where nature dictates culture. Unlike Iceland's coastal settlements, this region has no permanent residents, yet it holds deep cultural significance as a place of solitude, adventure, and ancient lore. The Highlands are a living testament to Iceland's volcanic origins, with landscapes that have inspired sagas, folklore, and a rugged, self-reliant spirit among those who traverse them. The cultural identity here is shaped by extreme isolation, seasonal accessibility, and a reverence for the raw power of the land.

Folklore and Sagas

The Highlands are steeped in Icelandic sagas and folklore, often serving as the backdrop for tales of outlaws, hidden people (huldufólk), and supernatural beings. Areas like Landmannalaugar and Askja are tied to legends of elves and trolls, while the desert-like Sprengisandur route was historically feared as a haunted passage. Travelers today still sense the mysticism, with local guides often sharing stories around campfires.

Seasonal Traditions and Gatherings

Due to its harsh climate, the Highlands are only accessible in summer, creating a unique seasonal culture of transient communities. Mountain huts and campsites become hubs for hikers, scientists, and artists, fostering a shared spirit of camaraderie. Annual events like the Laugavegur Ultra Marathon and Landmannalaugar's midsummer gatherings celebrate the region's stark beauty and challenge.

Outdoor Ethics and Etiquette

The Highlands operate under strict leave-no-trace principles, deeply ingrained in Icelandic outdoor culture. Travelers are expected to:

  • Reserve huts in advance through Ferðafélag Íslands (Icelandic Touring Association).
  • Cross rivers only at designated points to protect fragile ecosystems.
  • Never deviate from marked trails to avoid damaging moss or volcanic soil.

Cuisine of the Wilderness

Food in the Highlands is practical and hearty, reflecting its frontier-like conditions. Lamb stew (kjötsúpa) and dried fish (harðfiskur) are staples, often prepared over gas stoves or open fires. Some mountain huts serve rúgbrauð (dense rye bread) baked using geothermal heat—a tradition dating back to Iceland's early settlers.

Art and Inspiration

The Highlands' surreal landscapes have long inspired Icelandic artists, from Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval's paintings to contemporary photographers capturing the interplay of light and lava. The region's silence and scale also attract musicians and writers seeking isolation, echoing the introspective themes of Icelandic culture.