Cuba Travel Guide

Before You Go: Essential Cuba Planning

A trip to Cuba is unlike any other, a journey that requires a bit more foresight than your average Caribbean getaway. The island’s unique political and economic landscape means that careful preparation is not just recommended—it’s essential for a smooth and rewarding experience. From understanding entry requirements to navigating the local currency, here’s what you need to know before you set foot on Cuban soil.

Why Visit Cuba?

Cuba’s allure is magnetic, pulling travelers in with a promise of something genuinely different. It’s a country where the past is not just preserved but is a vibrant, living part of the present. The reasons to visit are as varied as its landscapes, but most find themselves drawn by a powerful combination of factors:

• A Rich Tapestry of Experiences: The island offers a compelling blend of revolutionary history, profound cultural depth, and remarkable natural beauty. You can spend one day exploring a UNESCO World Heritage city and the next relaxing on a pristine, white-sand beach.
• The “Time Capsule” Effect: The sight of gleaming 1950s American classic cars rolling past grand, crumbling colonial façades is an iconic image of Cuba. This feeling of stepping back in time is a palpable and fascinating part of the travel experience.
• A World-Class Cultural Scene: Music is the lifeblood of Cuba. From the soulful sounds of Son Cubano in a Santiago de Cuba bar to the explosive energy of salsa in a Havana dance hall, the island’s rhythm is infectious. The visual arts and dance scenes are equally dynamic and innovative.
• Stunning Natural Landscapes: Beyond the cities, Cuba reveals a different side. Discover the dramatic limestone karsts of the Viñales Valley, the lush mountain forests of the Sierra Maestra, and the turquoise waters of its countless cays and beaches.

Best Time to Visit

Cuba’s tropical climate creates two distinct seasons, each offering a different experience. Your choice will depend on your tolerance for heat and humidity, your budget, and your interest in specific cultural events.

Dry Season (November to April)

This is widely considered the best time to visit. You can expect pleasant, sunny days with lower humidity and comfortable temperatures, making it ideal for sightseeing and exploring. This is also the peak tourist season, which means higher prices for flights and accommodation, and larger crowds at popular sites.

Wet Season (May to October)

The weather becomes hotter and more humid during these months, with afternoon rain showers becoming a regular occurrence. While this can deter some visitors, it also means fewer crowds and potentially lower prices. The primary consideration during this period is hurricane season, which officially runs from June to November, with the highest risk in August and September.

Key Festivals and Events

Timing your visit with a local festival can offer a deeper cultural insight. Key events include the Havana International Jazz Festival (January), the Habanos Cigar Festival (February), and the vibrant Carnival of Santiago de Cuba (July), one of the oldest and most colorful celebrations in the Caribbean.

Visas and Entry Requirements

Navigating the entry requirements for Cuba is straightforward for most nationalities. The key document you will need is not a traditional visa stamped in your passport, but a Tourist Card.

• The Cuban Tourist Card (Visa): This document, known as a tarjeta del turista, is required for most visitors. It grants a stay of up to 90 days for most nationalities (30 days for Canadian citizens) and can be extended once in Cuba.
• How to Get It: The easiest way to obtain the Tourist Card is often directly from your airline, either online during the booking process or at the airport before your final flight to Cuba. You can also acquire one from a Cuban embassy or consulate in your home country or through a certified travel agency.
• Passport and Travel Insurance: Your passport must be valid for at least six months from your planned departure date from Cuba. You are also required to have travel insurance that includes medical coverage for the duration of your stay. You may be asked to show proof of your policy upon arrival, so keep a printed or digital copy handy.

Special Considerations for US Travelers

Travel to Cuba for United States citizens is more regulated than for other nationalities. While it is legal, it is subject to specific rules set by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). General tourism is not permitted.

Understanding the OFAC General Licenses

US citizens must travel under one of 12 authorized categories. These range from family visits and professional research to educational and religious activities. For most independent travelers, the most relevant category is “Support for the Cuban People.”

The “Support for the Cuban People” Category Explained

This license requires that your travel activities are intended to directly benefit the Cuban populace. To comply, you must maintain a full-time schedule of activities that support private Cuban businesses and civil society. This typically includes:

• Staying in private accommodations (casas particulares).
• Eating at private, family-run restaurants (paladares).
• Shopping at private markets and engaging with independent artists and entrepreneurs.
• Avoiding transactions with state-owned entities whenever possible.

Prohibited Transactions and Restricted Entities

The US government maintains a Restricted List of Cuban entities, primarily those linked to the Cuban military and intelligence services. US travelers are prohibited from engaging in direct financial transactions with these businesses, which include many major hotels, tour agencies, and some stores. It is crucial to review the most current version of this list before your trip.

Documenting Your Travel

OFAC requires US travelers to retain records of their trip, including a detailed itinerary and receipts, for five years. This documentation serves as proof that your travel was compliant with the regulations of your chosen license category. A simple daily journal outlining your activities is often sufficient.

Money Matters: Currency, Costs, and Budgeting

Understanding Cuba’s unique economic landscape is key to a smooth and enjoyable trip. The island operates primarily on cash, and financial planning before you arrive will save you considerable hassle. Here’s how to manage your money effectively.

Navigating Cuban Currency

Cuba has simplified its once-confusing dual-currency system. The only official currency now in circulation is the Cuban Peso (CUP). The Convertible Peso (CUC), which was previously pegged to the US dollar for tourists, has been eliminated. This change makes transactions more straightforward, as all goods and services are now priced in CUP.

While the currency system is simpler, Cuba remains a cash-based society. It is essential to bring foreign currency with you to exchange upon arrival. For the best exchange rates, it is advisable to bring Euros (EUR), Canadian Dollars (CAD), or British Pounds (GBP). While US Dollars can be exchanged, they are often subject to a less favorable rate or an additional fee, a remnant of historical economic policies.

Exchanging Money and Using Cards

You can exchange your foreign currency for Cuban Pesos at official exchange points. These include:

• Banks (like Banco Metropolitano)
• Official government exchange houses, known as CADECA (Casas de Cambio)
• Reception desks at major hotels

It is strongly advised to avoid changing money on the street, as you risk receiving counterfeit bills or being short-changed. Always count your money carefully at the exchange window.

The acceptance of credit and debit cards in Cuba is extremely limited. Cards issued by American banks will not work anywhere on the island. While some non-US Visa and Mastercards may be accepted at high-end hotels or state-run stores, you should never rely on them. ATMs are scarce, often out of service, and do not accept US-affiliated cards. The most important financial advice for Cuba is to bring enough cash to cover all your expenses for the entire duration of your trip.

Daily Budget Estimates

Your daily expenses will vary based on your travel style. Here are some general estimates to help you plan, noted in USD equivalent for budgeting purposes:

• Budget Traveler ($35–$50 per day): This budget allows for a bed in a shared room or a very basic casa particular, meals from street vendors or simple state-run cafeterias, use of local buses, and enjoying free activities like walking through historic centers.
• Mid-Range Traveler ($70–$120 per day): This is the most common travel style. It covers a comfortable room in a casa particular, daily meals at private restaurants (paladares), a few cocktails, entry fees to museums, and using shared taxis (colectivos) for intercity travel.
• Luxury Traveler ($200+ per day): This budget accommodates stays in top-tier hotels, fine dining experiences, private guided tours, hiring a classic car with a driver for excursions, and attending premier shows like the Tropicana.

Tipping Etiquette

Tipping is not obligatory in Cuba, but it is a fundamental part of the culture and is genuinely appreciated, as it provides a vital supplement to local incomes. A small gesture can go a long way.

• Restaurants and Bars: A tip of 10% of the bill is standard for good service.
• Musicians: Live music is everywhere. If a band plays at your table or in a venue, it’s customary to leave a small tip (around 25-50 CUP) in their basket.
• Tour Guides and Drivers: For a day-long tour, a tip of 125-250 CUP per person is a thoughtful gesture. For a private taxi driver, rounding up the fare or adding a small amount is common.
• Casa Particular Hosts: While not expected, leaving a small gift or a tip (around 250 CUP) at the end of a multi-night stay is a kind way to show appreciation for their hospitality, especially if they have gone out of their way to assist you.

Getting There and Getting Around

Navigating Cuba is an adventure in itself, a journey back in time that begins the moment you arrive. From international flights to the iconic classic cars that roam the streets, understanding your transportation options is key to a smooth and memorable trip.

Flights to Cuba

Most international travelers arrive by air, landing at one of Cuba’s main gateways. Your choice of airport will likely depend on your point of origin and your planned itinerary.

• José Martí International Airport (HAV) in Havana: This is the country’s primary international airport and the most common entry point for those looking to explore the capital and western Cuba.
• Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport (VRA) in Varadero: The second-busiest airport, serving the popular beach resort peninsula of Varadero. It’s a convenient option for travelers heading straight for an all-inclusive stay.
• Abel Santamaría Airport (SNU) in Santa Clara: A useful hub for reaching central Cuban cities like Trinidad and Cienfuegos, as well as the northern cays (Cayo Santa Maria).

A variety of international airlines serve Cuba. Carriers like Air France, Iberia, and Condor offer connections from Europe, while Air Canada and Sunwing provide extensive service from Canada. From Latin America, Copa Airlines is a major operator. Direct commercial flights are available from several US cities, though they are subject to the specific travel regulations in place for American citizens.

Transportation Within Cities

Once you’re on the ground, Cuban cities offer a unique and colorful array of transport options, each with its own character and charm.

• Official vs. Private Taxis: You’ll see modern, state-run taxis (often yellow) which are generally reliable. However, the quintessential Cuban experience is riding in a private taxi, or almendrón—one of the beautifully maintained 1950s American classic cars. With almendrones, it is essential to negotiate and agree on the fare before you get in.
• Taxis Colectivos: These are shared taxis, usually classic cars, that operate on fixed routes within a city, much like a small bus. You simply flag one down and pay a very small, fixed fare in CUP. They are a fantastic, economical way to travel longer distances within Havana like a local.
• Bicitaxis and Cocotaxis: For short hops, especially within the narrow streets of Old Havana or Trinidad, bicitaxis (bicycle rickshaws) and cocotaxis (yellow, coconut-shaped auto-rickshaws) are perfect. They are a fun, open-air way to travel, but always confirm the price for your destination before starting your journey.

Traveling Between Cities

Connecting Cuba’s diverse regions is part of the experience, offering a glimpse into the island’s stunning landscapes.

• Viazul Bus: This is the main government-operated bus service for tourists, connecting all major cities and tourist destinations. The buses are generally air-conditioned and comfortable, but they can be slow and often sell out. It is highly recommended to book your tickets online several weeks in advance.
• Taxis Colectivos (Long-Distance): A very popular alternative to the bus is the long-distance shared taxi. These are faster, more direct, and often offer door-to-door service from your accommodation to your next. You pay for a seat in a car (or can book the whole car), and the cost is competitive with the Viazul bus. Your casa particular host can almost always arrange one for you.
• Domestic Flights: For vast distances, such as traveling from Havana to Santiago de Cuba in the far east, a domestic flight can save a full day of travel. However, schedules can be inconsistent, so it’s wise to build flexibility into your itinerary if you choose this option.
• Renting a Classic Car with a Driver: For ultimate freedom and style, hiring a classic car with a dedicated driver for a multi-day trip is an unforgettable experience. While it is the most expensive option, it allows you to create a completely custom itinerary, stop wherever you please for photos, and gain insights from a local guide.

Where to Stay: From Local Homes to Beach Resorts

Accommodation in Cuba offers a spectrum of experiences, from intimate homestays that plunge you into the heart of local life to sprawling resorts on pristine white sands. Your choice of lodging will significantly shape your visit, so understanding the options is key to crafting the perfect trip.

The Casa Particular Experience

For an authentic and deeply rewarding stay, look no further than the casa particular. The term translates to “private home,” and the concept is akin to a bed and breakfast or a family-run guesthouse. These are government-licensed private homes where Cubans rent out spare rooms to travelers. Staying in a casa particular is widely considered the most genuine way to experience the island, offering a window into the daily lives, culture, and hospitality of its people.

The advantages of choosing a casa extend far beyond a simple room for the night:

• Direct Economic Support: Your payment goes directly to the host family, supporting local entrepreneurs and their communities rather than state-run enterprises.
• Cultural Immersion: You’ll have the chance to interact with your hosts, practice your Spanish, and gain invaluable insights into Cuban life that are impossible to find in a hotel lobby.
• Home-Cooked Meals: Most casas offer breakfast and dinner for an additional, very reasonable price. These meals are often more delicious and authentic than what you’ll find in many restaurants, featuring fresh, local ingredients prepared with family recipes.

Finding and booking a casa particular has become increasingly straightforward. Many are now listed on international booking platforms, allowing you to reserve your room in advance. Alternatively, for the more spontaneous traveler, it’s still possible to arrive in a town and look for the official blue and white arrendador divisa sign, which indicates a licensed rental. Your current casa host will almost always be happy to call ahead and arrange your next stay in another city with a trusted friend or relative.

Hotels and All-Inclusive Resorts

For travelers seeking more conventional comforts and amenities, Cuba has a wide range of hotels. These generally fall into two categories: older, state-run hotels, which can be rich in history but sometimes lacking in modern upkeep, and modern, internationally managed hotels (often in partnership with the Cuban state) that offer a standard of service and facilities comparable to those in other countries.

Choosing a hotel comes with its own set of considerations. On the plus side, you can expect amenities like swimming pools, reliable air conditioning, fitness centers, and more consistent, albeit often slower, Wi-Fi access. The downside is a more insulated experience, removed from the vibrant street life and local culture that makes Cuba so unique. Hotels can also be significantly more expensive than casas for a comparable level of comfort.

If your primary goal is relaxation on a world-class beach, the all-inclusive resorts are a popular choice. Concentrated in areas like Varadero and the northern keys (cayos) such as Cayo Coco and Cayo Santa María, these properties offer comprehensive packages that include accommodation, meals, drinks, and activities, all within a self-contained, beautifully manicured environment.

Top Destinations and Must-See Sights

Cuba’s geography is as diverse as its culture, offering a remarkable range of experiences from the electric energy of its cities to the tranquil beauty of its countryside. While it’s impossible to see everything in one trip, these key destinations provide a fantastic introduction to the heart and soul of the island.

Havana: The Rhythmic Capital

Havana is a city of captivating contrasts, where meticulously restored colonial buildings stand beside gracefully decaying facades. It’s a place that pulses with music, history, and an undeniable energy that draws you into its story. The capital is an essential first stop for any visitor.

• Exploring Habana Vieja (Old Havana): A UNESCO World Heritage site, Old Havana is the historic core of the city. Spend your days wandering its cobblestone streets, discovering the four main colonial squares (Plaza de Armas, Plaza Vieja, Plaza de San Francisco de Asís, and Plaza de la Catedral), and admiring the stunning baroque and neoclassical architecture.
• A walk along the Malecón at sunset: This iconic 8-kilometer seawall is Havana’s social hub. At sunset, it comes alive with musicians, fishermen, and families who gather to enjoy the cool ocean breeze. It offers a perfect snapshot of local life against a backdrop of crashing waves and crumbling, beautiful buildings.
• Riding in a classic American convertible: A quintessential Havana experience, cruising the city in a gleaming 1950s Chevrolet or Ford is more than just a photo opportunity. It’s a fantastic way to see major sights like the Plaza de la Revolución and the elegant Miramar district while feeling the city’s vibrant pulse.
• Experiencing the art scene at Fábrica de Arte Cubano: This converted cooking oil factory is the epicenter of Havana’s contemporary culture. Part art gallery, part nightclub, and part performance space, Fábrica de Arte Cubano (FAC) offers an incredible mix of visual art, live music, film, and dance under one roof.

Trinidad: A Colonial Masterpiece

Often described as a living museum, Trinidad is a perfectly preserved Spanish colonial town. Its pastel-colored houses, cobblestone streets, and tranquil atmosphere make it feel as though you’ve stepped back into the 19th century when sugar fortunes were made and lost in the nearby valley.

• Plaza Mayor and surrounding architecture: The city’s main square, Plaza Mayor, is the heart of the historic center. It is surrounded by grand colonial mansions, many of which have been converted into fascinating museums, such as the Museo Romántico or the Museo de Arquitectura Colonial.
• Climbing the bell tower for panoramic views: For the best view of Trinidad’s terracotta rooftops against the backdrop of the Escambray Mountains and the Caribbean Sea, climb the distinctive yellow bell tower of the Museo Nacional de la Lucha Contra Bandidos.
• Dancing salsa at the Casa de la Música: As night falls, the steps next to the main church transform into an open-air salsa venue. The Casa de la Música is a fantastic place to enjoy live music, watch talented local dancers, and even join in yourself.
• Day trips to Valle de los Ingenios or Playa Ancón: Trinidad is ideally located for excursions. Explore the Valle de los Ingenios (Valley of the Sugar Mills), a UNESCO site that tells the story of the region’s sugar boom, or relax on the white sands of Playa Ancón, one of the south coast’s best beaches.

Viñales: Tobacco Fields and Karst Landscapes

A short journey from Havana lies a completely different world. The Viñales Valley is a serene, breathtaking region of lush green tobacco fields dotted with unique limestone mogotes—steep, rounded hills that rise dramatically from the valley floor. It’s the heartland of Cuba’s cigar industry and a haven for nature lovers.

• Touring a traditional tobacco farm (vega): Visit a local tobacco farm to learn about the entire cigar-making process, from seed to final product. Farmers will often demonstrate how to roll a cigar by hand and offer you a chance to sample a freshly rolled “puro.”
• Hiking or horseback riding through the valley: The best way to experience the stunning landscape is on foot or horseback. Guided tours will lead you through the fields and to viewpoints that offer spectacular panoramas of the valley and its iconic mogotes.
• Exploring caves like Cueva del Indio: The region’s limestone hills are riddled with caves. A popular and accessible option is the Cueva del Indio, which includes a short boat ride on an underground river.

Beyond the Main Trio

For those with more time, venturing beyond the popular circuit of Havana, Trinidad, and Viñales reveals even more of Cuba’s regional diversity and charm.

• Cienfuegos: Known as the “Pearl of the South,” this city stands out for its elegant French-influenced architecture and clean, wide boulevards. Its historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the bayside promenade offers a peaceful, scenic setting.
• Santiago de Cuba: Located on the eastern end of the island, Santiago de Cuba has a character all its own. As the cradle of the Revolution and the heart of Afro-Cuban culture, it boasts a fiery musical heritage and a history rich with pivotal events.
• Baracoa: Tucked away in the far eastern corner of Cuba, Baracoa was the island’s first Spanish settlement. Isolated for centuries, it has developed a unique culture and cuisine, surrounded by lush rainforests, black-sand beaches, and the flat-topped mountain of El Yunque.

Experiencing Cuban Culture

To visit Cuba is to immerse yourself in a culture that is as vibrant and complex as its history. Beyond the classic cars and colonial facades, the island’s true character is found in its music, its art, and the unyielding spirit of its people. Understanding these elements transforms a simple vacation into a profound cultural journey.

Music and Dance: The Soul of the Island

In Cuba, music is not just entertainment; it is the national language, an ever-present soundtrack that spills from open doorways, corner bars, and grand concert halls. The island’s rhythms are a rich fusion of African and Spanish influences, creating a sound that is uniquely and irresistibly Cuban.

• Son Cubano: Considered the foundation of many modern Latin music styles, including salsa, Son Cubano is a syncopated, guitar-led genre that originated in eastern Cuba. Its melodies are both romantic and melancholic, and you’ll hear it performed by traditional bands in cities like Trinidad and Santiago de Cuba.
• Salsa: While salsa is an international phenomenon, Cuban-style salsa (or Casino) is distinct. It’s a dynamic, circular dance that is less formal and more grounded than other styles. Taking a class is one of the best ways to connect with local culture.
• Rumba: More than just a dance, rumba is an Afro-Cuban tradition of percussion, song, and movement. Often performed spontaneously in the streets, particularly in Havana and Matanzas, it is a powerful and raw expression of cultural identity.
• Trova: A more poetic and introspective genre, Trova features a singer-songwriter with a guitar, often with lyrics that are both political and romantic. It’s the perfect music for a quiet evening in a historic café.

Authentic live music can be found everywhere, from the state-run Casas de la Música in major cities to small, family-run bars where local musicians gather. For a truly immersive experience, consider taking a salsa or rumba class. Many instructors offer private lessons in their homes or local studios, providing not just technical skills but also an insight into the cultural significance of the dance.

Art, History, and Revolution

Cuba’s story is one of colonialism, independence, and revolution, and this narrative is etched into its architecture, museums, and public art. Engaging with this history is essential to understanding the Cuba of today.

The island’s museums offer powerful windows into its past. Key institutions include:

• Museo de la Revolución (Havana): Housed in the former Presidential Palace, this museum presents the Cuban perspective of the revolution. The exhibits are potent, and the building itself, with bullet holes still visible from a 1957 attack, is a piece of history.
• Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Havana): This museum is split into two buildings—one dedicated to Cuban art and the other to international works. The Cuban collection is a remarkable journey through the nation’s artistic identity, from colonial-era portraits to avant-garde contemporary pieces.
• Fábrica de Arte Cubano (Havana): A modern cultural institution in a converted cooking oil factory, this is a must-visit space showcasing contemporary Cuban painting, photography, performance art, and music under one roof.

The legacy of the 1959 Revolution is visible everywhere, from the iconic portraits of Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos on public buildings to the political slogans painted on rural walls. While it is a defining part of the national identity, it is also a complex and sensitive topic. Observing and listening provides more insight than direct questioning.

Architecturally, Cuba is a treasure trove. You can trace its history from the meticulously restored colonial plazas of Habana Vieja and Trinidad—both UNESCO World Heritage sites—to the elegant French-influenced boulevards of Cienfuegos and the eclectic mix of Art Deco and mid-century modernist buildings found throughout Havana.

People and Social Etiquette

Cubans are generally known for being warm, expressive, and direct. Engaging with local people is often the most rewarding aspect of a trip. A few social norms can help facilitate genuine interactions.

Greetings are important; a simple “buenos días” or “buenas tardes” is customary when entering a shop or a home. Handshakes are common, and among friends, a kiss on the cheek is the standard greeting for both men and women. Cubans are often curious about visitors and may strike up a conversation in the street or a park.

When it comes to conversation, it’s best to let the other person lead, especially on sensitive subjects.

• Good topics: Music, dance, family, sports (especially baseball), and questions about their local town or region are generally welcome.
• Topics to approach with care: While many Cubans will speak openly about the challenges of daily life, it is considered impolite for a visitor to initiate strong critiques of the government or political system. It is better to listen and learn.

A key concept to understand is resolver. It doesn’t have a direct English translation but embodies the spirit of creative problem-solving and ingenuity born out of decades of scarcity. It is the ability to fix a 1950s car with makeshift parts, to prepare a delicious meal with limited ingredients, or to find a clever workaround for any number of daily challenges. Observing the art of resolver is to witness the remarkable resilience and resourcefulness of the Cuban people.

Cuban Cuisine: What to Eat and Drink

Cuban cuisine, known as comida criolla, is a rich fusion of Spanish, African, and Caribbean culinary traditions. It relies on a handful of core ingredients prepared with care, favoring savory and comforting flavors over intense spice. Dining in Cuba is not just about the food; it’s an integral part of the social fabric and a direct way to experience the island’s culture. For a deeper dive into the island’s flavors, check out our guide to Cuban Food & Drinks.

Must-Try Dishes

While menus can sometimes feel repetitive, the best Cuban dishes are hearty, flavorful, and deeply satisfying. Look for these classics to get a true taste of the island:

• Ropa Vieja: Often considered Cuba’s national dish, ropa vieja (which translates to “old clothes”) consists of tender shredded beef stewed in a rich tomato-based sauce with onions and bell peppers. It’s typically served with rice and black beans.
• Lechón Asado: A celebratory staple, this is slow-roasted pork marinated in a zesty garlic and citrus sauce called mojo. The result is incredibly tender meat with crispy skin, a true highlight of Cuban cooking.
• Moros y Cristianos: The ubiquitous side dish, its name (“Moors and Christians”) refers to the black beans and white rice that are cooked together with spices until the rice absorbs the rich, savory flavor of the beans.
• Fresh Seafood and Tropical Fruits: Given its island location, Cuba offers excellent seafood. Look for grilled lobster (langosta), shrimp in garlic sauce (camarones al ajillo), and fresh fish. Don’t miss out on the incredible tropical fruits like juicy mangoes, sweet guavas (guayaba), and refreshing papaya.

Dining Out: Paladares vs. State Restaurants

Understanding the two primary types of restaurants in Cuba is key to having the best dining experiences. The rise of private enterprise has transformed the island’s culinary scene.

A paladar is a privately-owned, often family-run restaurant. They began as small eateries inside private homes but have since evolved into a diverse range of establishments, from simple, home-style kitchens to sophisticated, gourmet dining venues. Generally, paladares offer higher quality food, more creative menus, and more attentive service than their state-run counterparts. Dining at a paladar is also a wonderful way to directly support local entrepreneurs and their families.

The alternative is the traditional state-run restaurant. These government-owned establishments often occupy historic or grand buildings. While the food and service can be inconsistent, some offer a classic ambiance that harks back to a different era. Menus tend to be more standardized, focusing on traditional Cuban fare.

The Holy Trinity: Rum, Coffee, and Cigars

Beyond its food, Cuba’s identity is inextricably linked to three world-famous products. Indulging in them is an essential part of the cultural experience.

• Classic Cuban Cocktails: Cuban rum is legendary, and it forms the base of some of the world’s most famous cocktails. You must try a refreshing Mojito (rum, lime, mint, sugar, soda water), a perfectly balanced Daiquiri (rum, lime, sugar), and a simple yet classic Cuba Libre (rum, cola, lime). For more on Cuba’s vibrant nightlife, check out our guide to Cuba Nightlife.
• The Ritual of Cuban Coffee: Coffee is a cornerstone of daily life. A cafecito or café cubano is a small but potent shot of espresso, brewed with sugar to create a distinctively strong and sweet beverage. It’s often served after meals and shared among friends as a social ritual.
• How to Identify and Purchase Authentic Cuban Cigars: Cuba produces the most sought-after cigars in the world. To ensure you are buying the real thing and not a counterfeit, only purchase from official, state-owned shops called La Casa del Habano. Authentic boxes have a unique holographic seal and a government warranty stamp. Avoid buying from street vendors or anyone offering suspiciously low prices.

Staying Safe, Healthy, and Connected

A little preparation goes a long way in Cuba. Understanding the local context for health, safety, and technology will ensure your journey is smooth, allowing you to focus on the island’s incredible culture and beauty. While generally a very safe country, Cuba’s unique infrastructure requires a self-sufficient mindset. For essential travel documents, consult our guide on the Tourist Card & Visa for Cuba.

Health and Safety Precautions

Cuba is widely regarded as one of the safest countries in Latin America for travelers. Violent crime is rare, but like anywhere, it’s wise to take sensible precautions, especially in larger cities.

• General Safety: Be mindful of your belongings in crowded areas like markets and public transport to avoid petty theft or pickpocketing. Avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas late at night. Most Cubans are incredibly welcoming, but be aware of common scams (jineteros/as) offering unsolicited services or guidance. A polite but firm “no, gracias” is usually sufficient.
• Food and Water Safety: This is paramount. Drink only sealed bottled water or water that has been boiled or purified. Avoid tap water, even for brushing your teeth, and be cautious with ice in drinks unless you are in a reputable tourist hotel or paladar. When it comes to food, eat at established private restaurants or busy street stalls where the high turnover ensures freshness. For more detailed advice, see our Health in Cuba guide.
• Mosquito-Borne Illnesses: Mosquitoes can be a nuisance and may carry diseases like Dengue. Use a strong insect repellent, especially during the early morning and late afternoon. Wearing long, lightweight clothing can also provide protection. Opt for accommodations with air-conditioning or well-screened windows if possible.
• Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance is not just recommended; it is a mandatory requirement for entry into Cuba. You may be asked to show proof of your policy upon arrival. Ensure your insurance covers medical emergencies, evacuation, and trip cancellations.

What to Pack for Cuba

Shopping for everyday items in Cuba can be difficult due to widespread shortages. It is essential to pack everything you think you might need, as you cannot assume you’ll be able to buy it there. Think of it as packing for a remote camping trip rather than a typical city break. Consult our comprehensive What to Pack for Cuba list to ensure you don’t miss anything crucial.

• Essential Medications: Bring a well-stocked first-aid kit with basics like painkillers, antiseptic wipes, bandages, antihistamines, and stomach remedies. If you take any prescription medication, bring more than enough for your entire trip, along with a copy of your prescription.
• Sun Protection: The Caribbean sun is intense year-round. A high-SPF sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-protective sunglasses are non-negotiable items for your suitcase.
• Hard-to-Find Items: Pack all your preferred toiletries, as brands are limited and supplies are inconsistent. This includes items like conditioner, tampons, contact lens solution, and high-quality razors. Other useful items to bring from home are snacks, a reusable water bottle with a filter, and a portable power bank.
• A Small Gift for Your Host: If you’re staying in a casa particular, a small, thoughtful gift for your host family is a wonderful gesture of appreciation. Consider bringing items that are difficult to obtain in Cuba, such as quality toiletries, over-the-counter medicines, spices, or art supplies for their children.

Internet and Communication

Connecting to the internet in Cuba is possible, but it requires patience and a significant adjustment of expectations. Embrace the opportunity to disconnect and engage with your surroundings. For advice on navigating the island, our guide on How to Get Around in Cuba will be helpful.

• How to Get Online: The most common method is using pre-paid Wi-Fi cards from the state telecommunications company, ETECSA. You can buy these cards (which provide a username and password for a set amount of time) at ETECSA offices or some hotels. You then log on at designated public Wi-Fi hotspots, usually found in city parks and plazas.
• Managing Expectations: It is crucial to understand that internet connectivity in Cuba is limited and slow compared to most countries. Connections can be unreliable, and tasks like streaming video or making high-quality video calls are often not feasible. Plan to use the internet for essential tasks like checking emails or sending messages, and consider the rest of your time a welcome digital detox.
• Using a VPN: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a useful tool in Cuba. It provides a secure connection when using public Wi-Fi and can allow access to certain US-based websites or financial apps that may otherwise be blocked.
• Local SIM Cards: For more convenience, you can purchase a Cubacel Tur SIM card upon arrival at the airport. This provides you with a local phone number and a mobile data package, freeing you from the need to hunt for Wi-Fi parks. While more flexible, mobile data speeds can still be slow and coverage may be spotty outside of major urban centers.